Raised ICP and Hydrocephalus Flashcards
1
Q
What are the main causes of raised ICP?
A
Inter-cranial haemorrhage SOL Infection (encephalitis/meningitis) Hydrocephalus Cerebral venous thrombosis (blocks drainage via the venous sinuses) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
2
Q
List the features in a headache which reflect a raised intercranial pressure?
A
Onset: nocturnal/starting when waking
Exacerbating: worse on coughing or moving head
Associated symptoms: altered mental state, vomiting, blurred vision.
Combination of headache, vomiting and papilloedema are indicative of chronic raised ICP. Papilloedema takes time to develop not an acute symptom.
3
Q
What are the complications of raised ICP?
A
Seizures and other focal neurology.
Death from coning.
4
Q
What are the best indicators of raised ICP acutely?
A
Reduced GCS.
Cushing’s reflex: Hypertension with bradycardia
Pupil: Relevant afferent pupillary defect/dilated pupils