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HYDROLOGY > Rainfall Runoff > Flashcards

Rainfall Runoff Flashcards

1
Q

A major goal of stormwater management is to:
A. Increase soil erosion
B. Minimize surface runoff
C. Decrease infiltration
D. Maximize urbanization

A

B

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2
Q

Baseflow in a river primarily originates from:
A. Direct runoff
B. Groundwater seepage
C. Surface storage
D. Evapotranspiration

A

B

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3
Q

Constructed wetlands help manage runoff by:
A. Reducing evapotranspiration
B. Increasing water storage
C. Accelerating runoff speed
D. Stopping groundwater recharge

A

B

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4
Q

Excessive runoff can cause:
A. Groundwater recharge
B. Soil erosion
C. Reduced evaporation
D. Increased rainfall

A

B

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5
Q

Rain gardens are used to:
A. Control flooding
B. Increase urban runoff
C. Filter and store runoff
D. Prevent rainfall

A

C

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6
Q

The time between peak rainfall and peak runoff is known as:
A. Lag time
B. Response time
C. Retention time
D. Reaction time

A

A

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7
Q

Urbanization typically:
A. Decreases runoff
B. Increases runoff
C. Has no impact on runoff
D. Only affects infiltration

A

B

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8
Q

Vegetative cover reduces runoff primarily by:
A. Increasing evaporation
B. Slowing surface water flow
C. Lowering rainfall intensity
D. Decreasing infiltration

A

B

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9
Q
A
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9
Q

What does a hydrograph represent?
A. Soil moisture content
B. Variation of runoff over time
C. Total rainfall
D. River velocity

A

B

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10
Q

What does SCS Curve Number depend on?
A. Soil type and land use
B. Rainfall duration
C. Air pressure
D. Wind velocity

A

A

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11
Q

What does the Rational Method calculate?
A. Evaporation rates
B. Runoff volume
C. River discharge
D. Watershed size

A

B

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12
Q

What happens when infiltration capacity is exceeded?
A. Runoff occurs
B. Soil erosion stops
C. Baseflow begins
D. Evaporation increases

A

A

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13
Q

What is a hyetograph?
A. A graph of rainfall intensity over time
B. A graph of discharge over time
C. A graph of temperature over time
D. A graph of evaporation rates

A

A

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14
Q

What is an isohyet?
A. A contour of equal temperature
B. A contour of equal rainfall
C. A contour of equal elevation
D. A contour of equal pressure

A

B

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15
Q

What is rainfall-runoff?
A. Conversion of rainfall into evaporation
B. Water flowing on the ground surface after precipitation
C. Absorption of rain by soil
D. Groundwater recharge

A

B

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16
Q

What is the main factor influencing runoff in an area?
A. Temperature
B. Rainfall intensity
C. Wind speed
D. Humidity

A

B

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17
Q

What is the primary unit for measuring runoff?
A. Millimeters per hour
B. Cubic meters per second
C. Inches per day
D. Liters per minute

A

B

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a detention basin?
A. To store groundwater
B. To control peak runoff
C. To enhance evapotranspiration
D. To increase infiltration

A

B

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19
Q

What is the term for the portion of rainfall that infiltrates the ground?
A. Surface runoff
B. Baseflow
C. Groundwater recharge
D. Sheet flow

A

C

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

What is the watershed?
A. A storage tank for runoff
B. An area of land that drains into a water body
C. A structure for water flow control
D. A type of floodplain

A

B

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21
Q

What structure is used to measure streamflow?
A. Weir
B. Dam
C. Retention basin
D. Dike

A

A

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22
Q

Which component is NOT part of the rainfall-runoff process?
A. Precipitation
B. Runoff
C. Condensation
D. Evapotranspiration

A

C

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23
Q

Which factor does NOT significantly affect runoff?
A. Land slope
B. Vegetation cover
C. Cloud type
D. Soil type

A

C

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24
Q

Which formula is commonly used to estimate peak runoff?
A. Bernoulli’s Equation
B. Manning’s Equation
C. Rational Formula
D. Darcy-Weisbach Equation

A

C

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25
Q

Which hydrological model uses mathematical equations to simulate runoff?
A. Rational Method
B. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number
C. Penman-Monteith Method
D. Darcy’s Law

A

B

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26
Q

Which is an example of non-point source pollution in runoff?
A. Wastewater discharge from a factory
B. Fertilizer washed from agricultural land
C. Oil spill from a pipeline
D. Industrial chemical discharge

A

B

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27
Q

Which land use would likely produce the highest runoff?
A. Forest
B. Grassland
C. Farmland
D. Urban area

A

D

28
Q

Which of these surfaces would have the least runoff?
A. Concrete pavement
B. Sandy soil
C. Bare clay soil
D. Asphalt

A

B

29
Q

Which term describes the movement of water from the surface to underground?
A. Runoff
B. Infiltration
C. Evaporation
D. Transpiration

A

B

30
Q

What is rainfall-runoff?
A. The process of water infiltrating into the ground.
B. The movement of precipitation to streams and rivers as runoff.
C. The evaporation of water from the land surface.
D. The absorption of water by plants.

A

B

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing rainfall-runoff?
A. Rainfall intensity
B. Soil type
C. Wind direction
D. Land cover

A

C

32
Q

Rainfall intensity is measured in:
A. Liters per square meter
B. Millimeters per hour
C. Cubic meters per second
D. Kilograms per cubic meter

A

B

33
Q

What does a hyetograph represent?
A. Rainfall depth versus time
B. Rainfall intensity versus time
C. Cumulative rainfall versus time
D. Streamflow versus time

A

B

34
Q

Which component of runoff typically occurs first during a storm event?
A. Baseflow
B. Interflow
C. Surface runoff
D. Groundwater flow

A

C

35
Q

Rainfall-Runoff Relationship
4.1. A curve number (CN) is used to estimate:
A. Soil permeability
B. Land use effects on runoff
C. Rainfall intensity
D. Stream discharge

A

B

36
Q

What is the unit of runoff volume commonly used in hydrology?
A. Cubic meters
B. Liters per second
C. Millimeters
D. Cubic meters per second

A

A

37
Q

What is the term for water that infiltrates the soil and contributes to runoff later?
A. Baseflow
B. Interflow
C. Overland flow
D. Direct runoff

A

B

38
Q

The time it takes for runoff to travel from the farthest point of a watershed to the outlet is called:
A. Time of concentration
B. Lag time
C. Hydrograph time
D. Peak time

A

A

39
Q

Which process in the hydrologic cycle returns water to the atmosphere?
A. Runoff
B. Infiltration
C. Evaporation
D. Percolation

A

C

40
Q

Precipitation that neither infiltrates the soil nor becomes runoff is called:
A. Evapotranspiration
B. Depression storage
C. Overland flow
D. Interception

A

D

41
Q

What is the main driver of the hydrologic cycle?
A. Gravitational pull
B. Solar energy
C. Wind currents
D. Tides

A

B

42
Q

A watershed is defined as:
A. An area where water is stored underground.
B. A land area that drains into a specific water body.
C. A reservoir for water storage.
D. An area where rainfall intensity is measured.

A

B

43
Q

Which of the following increases runoff in a watershed?
A. Dense vegetation
B. Urbanization
C. Sandy soils
D. High infiltration rates

A

B

44
Q

The time interval between the center of mass of rainfall and the peak runoff is called:
A. Lag time
B. Travel time
C. Time of concentration
D. Response time

A

A

45
Q

The rate at which soil absorbs water is called:
A. Percolation rate
B. Infiltration capacity
C. Saturation rate
D. Hydraulic conductivity

A

B

46
Q

When soil becomes fully saturated, the excess water contributes to:
A. Evaporation
B. Surface runoff
C. Infiltration
D. Baseflow

A

B

47
Q

Which soil type has the highest infiltration capacity?
A. Clay
B. Sandy soil
C. Loamy soil
D. Silty soil

A

B

48
Q

What does a hydrograph represent?
A. Rainfall intensity versus time
B. Runoff volume versus time
C. Streamflow versus time
D. Cumulative rainfall versus time

A

C

49
Q

The rising limb of a hydrograph indicates:
A. Baseflow contributions
B. Decreasing runoff
C. Increasing runoff
D. Constant streamflow

A

C

50
Q

The area under a hydrograph curve represents:
A. Total rainfall
B. Total runoff volume
C. Peak flow
D. Time of concentration

A

B

51
Q

The Curve Number (CN) is higher for:
A. Forested land
B. Urbanized areas
C. Agricultural fields
D. Wetlands

A

B

52
Q

. Which hydrologic soil group has the least infiltration rate?
A. Group A
B. Group B
C. Group C
D. Group D

A

D

53
Q

The SCS Curve Number method is used to calculate:
A. Peak runoff rate
B. Runoff volume
C. Time of concentration
D. Evapotranspiration

A

B

54
Q

The Rational Method is best suited for:
A. Small urban watersheds
B. Large rural watersheds
C. Groundwater recharge estimation
D. River flood modeling

A

A

55
Q

A typical design storm is selected based on:
A. Historical flood data
B. Recurrence interval
C. Watershed size
D. Rainfall intensity

A

B

56
Q

What is the primary use of a rainfall-runoff model?
A. Estimate precipitation patterns
B. Predict streamflow based on rainfall
C. Measure infiltration rates
D. Analyze water quality

A

B

57
Q

Curve Number Basics
1.1. What does the Curve Number (CN) represent?
A. The ability of soil to retain water.
B. The potential for surface runoff based on land use and soil type.
C. The infiltration rate of a watershed.
D. The time required for peak flow to occur.

A

B

58
Q

A higher Curve Number (CN) indicates:
A. More infiltration and less runoff.
B. Equal amounts of infiltration and runoff.
C. Less infiltration and more runoff.
D. No relationship between infiltration and runoff.

A

C

59
Q

Relationship Between Curve Number and Flow
2.1. As the CN increases, what happens to the runoff potential?
A. It decreases.
B. It remains the same.
C. It increases.
D. It fluctuates randomly.

A

C

60
Q

A CN value of 100 indicates:
A. No infiltration and all rainfall becomes runoff.
B. Equal distribution of infiltration and runoff.
C. No runoff and all rainfall infiltrates.
D. Low runoff potential.

A

A

61
Q

Which land use condition is likely to have the highest CN?
A. Forested areas
B. Urban areas with impervious surfaces
C. Agricultural land with no-till practices
D. Grassland

A

B

62
Q

Which factor has the most significant impact on Curve Number?
A. Rainfall intensity
B. Soil type and land cover
C. Watershed slope
D. Evapotranspiration rates

A

B

63
Q

How does antecedent moisture condition (AMC) affect the CN?
A. Wet conditions decrease the CN.
B. Dry conditions increase the CN.
C. Wet conditions increase the CN.
D. AMC does not affect the CN.

A

C

64
Q

To reduce runoff in an urban watershed, the CN can be lowered by:
A. Increasing impervious surfaces.
B. Implementing green infrastructure practices.
C. Removing vegetation.
D. Increasing rainfall intensity.

A

B

65
Q

Why is the Curve Number method widely used in hydrology?
A. It provides a detailed flow analysis for large watersheds.
B. It is simple and uses readily available data for runoff estimation.
C. It exclusively measures groundwater recharge.
D. It determines the exact peak flow time.

A

B

66
Q

A CN of 30 typically represents:
A. Urban areas with extensive impervious surfaces.
B. Forested areas with high infiltration.
C. Wetlands.
D. Agricultural fields with poor drainage.

A

B

67
Q

Which of the following equations incorporates the Curve Number to estimate runoff volume?
A. Rational Method
B. SCS Runoff Equation
C. Manning’s Equation
D. Horton Infiltration Equation

A

B

68
Q

How does increasing vegetation in a watershed affect the CN and runoff?
A. Increases CN, leading to higher runoff.
B. Reduces CN, leading to lower runoff.
C. Does not change the CN or runoff.
D. Increases CN, leading to lower runoff.

A

B

HYDROLOGY (1 decks)

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