Raine et al. Flashcards

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1
Q

participant number

A

82

41 murderers
41 controls

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2
Q

mean age of murderers

A

34.3

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3
Q

examples of the diverse reasons for referral

A

schizophrenia

history of substance abuse

history of hyperactivity or learning disorder

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4
Q

what were the murderers and control group matched on

A

age & sex

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5
Q

what did the participants need to do for the 2 weeks preceding scanning

A

be medication free

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6
Q

how was it ensured that the participants were medication free

A

urine screens

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7
Q

which types of people weren’t allowed to participate in the control group

A

subjects with a history of head trauma, substance abuse or seizures

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8
Q

mean age of control group

A

31.7 years

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9
Q

how were the 6 schizophrenic murderers matched to the control group

A

matched to 6 non-murderer schizophrenics on age and sex

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10
Q

what was the tracer injected into the ppts

A

FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose)

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11
Q

how long was the period between when the ppts were injected and when the PET scan took place

A

32 minutes

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12
Q

how was the tracer used in the brain

A

tracer contains glucose

taken up by cells in the brain to show metabolic rate

this is picked up by the scanner to show levels of brain activity in different areas

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13
Q

when was the continuous performance task (CPT) started before the scan and why

A

10 seconds before the scan

so that initial task novelty would not be FDG labelled

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14
Q

how were images of the brain taken during the PET scan

A

10 slices at 10mm intervals

parallel to the canthomeatal line obtained

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15
Q

when were practice trials on the CPT given

A

10 mins before injection

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16
Q

what does destruction of the amygdala result in

A

a lack of fear and in a man a reduction of autonomic arousal - fearlessness needed for murder?

17
Q

where was there a reduction in glucose metabolism in the murderers

A

in parietal lobes - predispose to crime and violence

18
Q

why do the findings demonstrate that violence cannot be caused by biology alone

A

social, psychological, cultural & situational factors all play an important role

19
Q

how was consent gathered from the experimental group

A

presumptive consent given by a lawyer or carer if the participant was not compitent to consent

20
Q

how was consent gathered from the control group

A

they completed consent forms