RadThera Compre

Question 1

It is a specialized type of radiotherapy, limited to cranial lesions, where the entire dose is typically given in a single session.

a. Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT)
b. IMRT
c. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT)
d. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

Answer 1

d. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

Question 2

Type of dose delivery where radiation dose is
delivered very close to, or within the tumor target.

a. Chemotherapy
b. External beam radiotherapy
c. Radiotherapy
d. Brachytherapy

Answer 2

d. Brachytherapy

Question 3

X-rays was discovered by ___________.

a. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
b. Antoine Henri Becquerel
c. Pierre Curie
d. Marie Curie

Answer 3

a. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Question 4

The unit used to describe the energy of an electron beam in a linac is:

a. Gray
b. Joule
c. Megavolts (MV)
d. Mega-electron volts (MeV)

Answer 4

d. Mega-electron volts (MeV)

Question 5

These nuclides have excess number of protons

a. metastable
b. stable
c. Neutron-rich
d. Proton-rich

Answer 5

d. Proton-rich.

Question 6

Patient flow in radiotherapy depends on:

a. Resources available
b. Treating clinician
c. All of the given choices
d. Disease site and stage

Answer 6

c. All of the given choices.

Question 7

The first patient treated using the LINAC was a 2 year old child. What type of disease did he have?

a. Wilm’s Tumor
b. NPCA
c. Retinoblastoma
d. Spinal Cord Compression

Answer 7

c. Retinoblastoma

Question 8

He pioneered the use of fractionated radiatiotherapy in a wide variety of tumors

a. Claudius Regaud
b. Frederic Joliot
c. Emile Grubbe
d. Henri Coutard

Answer 8

d. Henri Coutard

Question 9

This interaction results from positron-electron annihilation

a. Annihilation quantum
b. Gamma ray
c. Characteristic X-rays
d. Bremsstrahlung

Answer 9

a. Annihilation quantum

Question 10

This occurs to nuclides when a parent nuclide P is bombarded with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor and
transforms into a radioactive daughter nuclide D that decays into a granddaughter nuclide G.

a. Equivalent Dose
b. Radiation Exposure
c. Radiation Absorbed Dose
d. Radioactivation

Answer 10

d. Radioactivation

Question 11

The ______ modifies the narrow, non-uniform photon beam into a clinically useful beam before it enters the patient body.

a. Primary collimator
b. Scattering foil
c. Multileaf collimator (MLC)
d. Flattening filter

Answer 11

d. Flattening filter

Question 12

Nuclides with the same atomic mass are called:

a. Nuclide
b. Isotopes
c. Nucleon
d. Isobars

Answer 12

d. Isobars

Question 13

Who are the specialist(s) who are responsible for the calibration and accuracy of treatment equipment?

a. Radiation Therapists
b. Radiation Oncology Nurses
c. Medical Physicists
d. Radiation Oncologists

Answer 13

c. Medical Physicists

Question 14

It is defined as the number of grams of an atomic compound that contains exactly one Avogadro’s number of
atoms.

a. Atomic nomenclature
b. Atomic mass
c. Atomic mole
d. Atomic number

Answer 14

c. Atomic mole

Question 15

These particles have no charge and are found inside the nucleus of an atom

a. Electrons
b. Photons
c. Neutrons
d. Protons

Answer 15

c. Neutrons

Question 16

Which type of radiation is the most penetrating?

a. Gamma
b. None of the choices
c. Alpha
d. Beta

Answer 16

a. Gamma

Question 17

Which type of radiation is the less penetrating?

a. Gamma
b. None of the choices
c. Alpha
d. Beta

Answer 17

c. Alpha

Question 18

Radiation therapy can be delivered: _________.

a. None of the given choices.
b. Externally and Internally
c. Externally only
d. Internally only

Answer 18

b. Externally and Internally

Question 19

Which radiation quantity is the ability of photons to ionize air?

a. Exposure
b. Absorbed Dose
c. Effective Dose
d. Radioactivity

Answer 19

a. Exposure

Question 20

Who developed the first medical linear accelerator?

a. Ralston and Edith Patterson
b. Marie and Pierre Curie
c. Claude Regaud and Henri Coutard
d. Dr. Henry Kaplan and Edward Ginzton

Answer 20

d. Dr. Henry Kaplan and Edward Ginzton

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT an ionizing radiation?

a. Gamma rays
b. X-ray
c. Alpha particles
d. Microwave

Answer 21

d. Microwave

Question 22

This component of the linac which converts a pencil beam of electrons to a usable wide beam.

a. Primary collimator
b. Scattering foil
c. Flattening filter
d. Multileaf collimator (MLC)

Answer 22

b. Scattering foil

Question 23

What do you call the process by which orbital electron are ejected from the absorber atom?

a. Atomic ionization
b. Atomic excitation
c. Dose Absorption
d. Exposure

Answer 23

a. Atomic ionization

Question 24

Which of the following parts of the linac contains components that distributes primary electrical and high voltage pulses to the magnetron/klystron?

a. Modulator cabinet
b. Drive Stand
c. Generator
d. Console unit

Answer 24

a. Modulator cabinet

Question 25

Who interacts with the patient and family at the time of consultation, throughout the treatment process and during follow-up care? a. Radiation Therapists b. Radiation Oncologists c. Radiation Oncology Nurses d. Medical Physicists

Answer 25

c. Radiation Oncology Nurses

Question 26

Which type of Internal Radiation Therapy is surface applicator put in direct contact with the surgical tumor? a. Intra-operative implants b. Intracavitary implants c. Opera-cavity implants d. Interstitial implants

Answer 26

a. Intra-operative implants

Question 27

Production of a clinical electron beam in mega-electronvolts is achieved through the use of: a. Flattening filter b. Accelerating wave guide c. Electron gun d. Multi-leaf collimator (MLC)

Answer 27

b. Accelerating wave guide

Question 28

These are positively-charged particles found inside the nucleus. a. Protons b. Electrons c. Neutrons d. Photons

Answer 28

a. Protons

Question 29

During the course of a breast cancer EBRT treatment, which of the following is one of the most common side effect? a. migraine b. diarrhea c. skin redness on treatment field d. skin redness all over the body

Answer 29

c. skin redness on treatment field

Question 30

These nuclides have excess number of neutrons a. metastable b. Neutron-rich c. proton-rich d. stable

Answer 30

b. Neutron-rich

Question 31

It is the number of nuclear decays per unit time a. Radioactivity b. Equivalent Dose c. KERMA d. Exposure

Answer 31

a. Radioactivity

Question 32

Gamma rays for radiotherapy are produced from: a. Cyclotrons b. Linear accelerators c. Orthovoltage machine d. Radioactive decay

Answer 32

d. Radioactive decay

Question 33

The proton was discovered by ___________. a. Marie Curie b. Ernest Rutherford c. JJ Thomson d. Wilhelm Roentgen

Answer 33

b. Ernest Rutherford

Question 34

Which phase in the cell cycle is the cell most radioresistant? a. M-phase b. G1- phase c. G2 phase d. S-phase

Answer 34

d. S-phase

Question 35

It is also known as volume-based brachytherapy. a. IGBT b. IVBT c. IMRT d. VBT

Answer 35

d. VBT

Question 36

Characteristic Xrays are also called what? a. Auger electron b. Bremsstrahlung c. Compton Electron d. Fluorescence photon

Answer 36

b. Bremsstrahlung

Question 37

Which procedure involves placing radioactive sources into or near the tumor? a. Brachytherapy b. Particle Beam Therapy c. EBRT d. SBRT

Answer 37

a. Brachytherapy

Question 38

Who developed the manchester system for radium therapy? a. Henri Coutard b. Marie Curie c. Herbert Parker d. Ralston Patterson

Answer 38

c. Herbert Parker

Question 39

Who proposed an approximation that predicts the energy levels and radii of multi-electron atoms reasonably well despite its inherent simplicity? a. Douglas Hatree b. Albert Einstein c. Niels Bohr d. Erwin Schrodinger

Answer 39

a. Douglas Hatree

Question 40

This allows accurate positioning of the radiation field by a visible projection of the radiation field in relation to skin marks or other reference points. a. Field light b. Multi-leaf collimator (MLC) c. Primary collimator d. Secondary collimator

Answer 40

a. Field light

Question 41

These are heavy metal field shaping devices with independent moving mechanism used to create a custom shaped block to spare normal tissue and direct radiation dose to tumor. a. Field light b. Multi-leaf collimator (MLC) c. Primary collimator d. Secondary collimator

Answer 41

b. Multi-leaf collimator (MLC)

Question 42

Production of a clinical x-ray beam in megavolts is achieved through the use of: a. Accelerating waveguide b. Electron gun c. Primary collimator d. Scattering foil

Answer 42

b. Electron gun

Question 43

Which type of radiation is the most ionizing? a. Gamma b. Beta c. Alpha d. None of the choices

Answer 43

c. Alpha

Question 44

It is the energy absorbed per unit mass of medium a. Equivalent Dose b. Effective Dose c. Exposure d. Absorbed Dose

Answer 44

d. Absorbed Dose

Question 45

This radioactive source has a half-life of 5.27 years and two photon energies of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV a. Todine-125 b. Cesium-137 c. Cobalt-60 d. Tridium-192

Answer 45

c. Cobalt-60

Question 46

The two commonly used radioactive sources in HDR brachytherapy are: a. Iridium-192 b. Cobalt-60 c. Cesium-137 d. Iodine-125

Answer 46

a. Iridium-192 b. Cobalt-60

Question 47

Which law states that “any time charged particle is accelerated or decelerated part of its energy is emitted in the form of photon (bremsstrahlung)? a. Larmor's Law b. E=mc^2 c. Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau d. Law of Motion

Answer 47

a. Larmor's Law

Question 48

It is the nucleus of the hydrogen atom. a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Photon

Answer 48

c. Proton

Question 49

The unit used to describe the energy of a photon beam in the linac is: a. Joule b. Mega-electron volts (MeV) c. Megavolts (MV) d. Gray

Answer 49

c. Megavolts (MV)

Question 50

This particular component of the linac steers the direction of electron beams towards the patient. a. All of the given choices b. Accelerating waveguide c. Electron gun d. Bending magnet

Answer 50

d. Bending magnet

Question 51

The atomic mass scale was usually based on what element? a. Fluorine b. Oxygen c. Hydrogen d. Carbon

Answer 51

d. Carbon

Question 52

Which type of Internal Radiation Therapy are radioactive sources placed directly into the tissue? a. Interstitial implants b. Intra-operative implants c. Intracavitary implants d. Opera-cavitary implants

Answer 52

a. Interstitial implants

Question 53

What do you call nuclides with the same Z and A but with extra excitation energy above ground state? a. Isobars b. Isomers c. Isotones d. Isotopes

Answer 53

b. Isomers

Question 54

Which Standard machine used for modern radiotherapy functions with an energy range of 80 - 350 kVp? a. cobalt-60 teletherapy b. Orthovoltage machine c. superficial x-ray machine d. LINAC

Answer 54

b. Orthovoltage machine

Question 55

What do you call the branch of medicine that uses ionizing radiation in treatment of malignant diseases. a. Diagnostic Radiology b. Chemotherapy c. Medical Physics d. Radiation Oncology

Answer 55

d. Radiation Oncology

Question 56

The ______ is an organ whose sensitivity to radiation is such that the dose received from a treatment plan may be significant compared to its tolerance, possibly requiring a change in the beam arrangement or a change in the dose. a. OTV b. OCTV c. OAR d. CTV

Answer 56

c. OAR

Question 57

In the _________ the particles are accelerated along a spiral trajectory guide inside two evacuated half-cylindrical electrodes (dees) by a uniform magnetic field produced between the pole pieces of a large magnet. a. betatron b. Synchrotron c. cyclotron d. microtron

Answer 57

c. cyclotron