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RadThera Compre Flashcards

1
Q

It is a specialized type of radiotherapy, limited to cranial lesions, where the entire dose is typically given in a single session.

a. Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT)
b. IMRT
c. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT)
d. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

A

d. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

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2
Q

Type of dose delivery where radiation dose is
delivered very close to, or within the tumor target.

a. Chemotherapy
b. External beam radiotherapy
c. Radiotherapy
d. Brachytherapy

A

d. Brachytherapy

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3
Q

X-rays was discovered by ___________.

a. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
b. Antoine Henri Becquerel
c. Pierre Curie
d. Marie Curie

A

a. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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4
Q

The unit used to describe the energy of an electron beam in a linac is:

a. Gray
b. Joule
c. Megavolts (MV)
d. Mega-electron volts (MeV)

A

d. Mega-electron volts (MeV)

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5
Q

These nuclides have excess number of protons

a. metastable
b. stable
c. Neutron-rich
d. Proton-rich

A

d. Proton-rich.

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6
Q

Patient flow in radiotherapy depends on:

a. Resources available
b. Treating clinician
c. All of the given choices
d. Disease site and stage

A

c. All of the given choices.

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7
Q

The first patient treated using the LINAC was a 2 year old child. What type of disease did he have?

a. Wilm’s Tumor
b. NPCA
c. Retinoblastoma
d. Spinal Cord Compression

A

c. Retinoblastoma

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8
Q

He pioneered the use of fractionated radiatiotherapy in a wide variety of tumors

a. Claudius Regaud
b. Frederic Joliot
c. Emile Grubbe
d. Henri Coutard

A

d. Henri Coutard

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9
Q

This interaction results from positron-electron annihilation

a. Annihilation quantum
b. Gamma ray
c. Characteristic X-rays
d. Bremsstrahlung

A

a. Annihilation quantum

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10
Q

This occurs to nuclides when a parent nuclide P is bombarded with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor and
transforms into a radioactive daughter nuclide D that decays into a granddaughter nuclide G.

a. Equivalent Dose
b. Radiation Exposure
c. Radiation Absorbed Dose
d. Radioactivation

A

d. Radioactivation

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11
Q

The ______ modifies the narrow, non-uniform photon beam into a clinically useful beam before it enters the patient body.

a. Primary collimator
b. Scattering foil
c. Multileaf collimator (MLC)
d. Flattening filter

A

d. Flattening filter

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12
Q

Nuclides with the same atomic mass are called:

a. Nuclide
b. Isotopes
c. Nucleon
d. Isobars

A

d. Isobars

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13
Q

Who are the specialist(s) who are responsible for the calibration and accuracy of treatment equipment?

a. Radiation Therapists
b. Radiation Oncology Nurses
c. Medical Physicists
d. Radiation Oncologists

A

c. Medical Physicists

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14
Q

It is defined as the number of grams of an atomic compound that contains exactly one Avogadro’s number of
atoms.

a. Atomic nomenclature
b. Atomic mass
c. Atomic mole
d. Atomic number

A

c. Atomic mole

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15
Q

These particles have no charge and are found inside the nucleus of an atom

a. Electrons
b. Photons
c. Neutrons
d. Protons

A

c. Neutrons

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16
Q

Which type of radiation is the most penetrating?

a. Gamma
b. None of the choices
c. Alpha
d. Beta

A

a. Gamma

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17
Q

Which type of radiation is the less penetrating?

a. Gamma
b. None of the choices
c. Alpha
d. Beta

A

c. Alpha

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18
Q

Radiation therapy can be delivered: _________.

a. None of the given choices.
b. Externally and Internally
c. Externally only
d. Internally only

A

b. Externally and Internally

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19
Q

Which radiation quantity is the ability of photons to ionize air?

a. Exposure
b. Absorbed Dose
c. Effective Dose
d. Radioactivity

A

a. Exposure

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20
Q

Who developed the first medical linear accelerator?

a. Ralston and Edith Patterson
b. Marie and Pierre Curie
c. Claude Regaud and Henri Coutard
d. Dr. Henry Kaplan and Edward Ginzton

A

d. Dr. Henry Kaplan and Edward Ginzton

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT an ionizing radiation?

a. Gamma rays
b. X-ray
c. Alpha particles
d. Microwave

A

d. Microwave

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22
Q

This component of the linac which converts a pencil beam of electrons to a usable wide beam.

a. Primary collimator
b. Scattering foil
c. Flattening filter
d. Multileaf collimator (MLC)

A

b. Scattering foil

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23
Q

What do you call the process by which orbital electron are ejected from the absorber atom?

a. Atomic ionization
b. Atomic excitation
c. Dose Absorption
d. Exposure

A

a. Atomic ionization

24
Q

Which of the following parts of the linac contains components that distributes primary electrical and high voltage pulses to the magnetron/klystron?

a. Modulator cabinet
b. Drive Stand
c. Generator
d. Console unit

A

a. Modulator cabinet

25
Q

Who interacts with the patient and family at the time of consultation, throughout the treatment process and
during follow-up care?

a. Radiation Therapists
b. Radiation Oncologists
c. Radiation Oncology Nurses
d. Medical Physicists

A

c. Radiation Oncology Nurses

26
Q

Which type of Internal Radiation Therapy is surface applicator put in direct contact with the surgical tumor?

a. Intra-operative implants
b. Intracavitary implants
c. Opera-cavity implants
d. Interstitial implants

A

a. Intra-operative implants

27
Q

Production of a clinical electron beam in mega-electronvolts is achieved through the use of:

a. Flattening filter
b. Accelerating wave guide
c. Electron gun
d. Multi-leaf collimator (MLC)

A

b. Accelerating wave guide

28
Q

These are positively-charged particles found inside the nucleus.

a. Protons
b. Electrons
c. Neutrons
d. Photons

A

a. Protons

29
Q

During the course of a breast cancer EBRT treatment, which of the following is one of the most common side
effect?

a. migraine
b. diarrhea
c. skin redness on treatment field
d. skin redness all over the body

A

c. skin redness on treatment field

30
Q

These nuclides have excess number of neutrons

a. metastable
b. Neutron-rich
c. proton-rich
d. stable

A

b. Neutron-rich

31
Q

It is the number of nuclear decays per unit time

a. Radioactivity
b. Equivalent Dose
c. KERMA
d. Exposure

A

a. Radioactivity

32
Q

Gamma rays for radiotherapy are produced from:

a. Cyclotrons
b. Linear accelerators
c. Orthovoltage machine
d. Radioactive decay

A

d. Radioactive decay

33
Q

The proton was discovered by ___________.

a. Marie Curie
b. Ernest Rutherford
c. JJ Thomson
d. Wilhelm Roentgen

A

b. Ernest Rutherford

34
Q

Which phase in the cell cycle is the cell most radioresistant?

a. M-phase
b. G1- phase
c. G2 phase
d. S-phase

A

d. S-phase

35
Q

It is also known as volume-based brachytherapy.

a. IGBT
b. IVBT
c. IMRT
d. VBT

A

d. VBT

36
Q

Characteristic Xrays are also called what?

a. Auger electron
b. Bremsstrahlung
c. Compton Electron
d. Fluorescence photon

A

b. Bremsstrahlung

37
Q

Which procedure involves placing radioactive sources into or near the tumor?

a. Brachytherapy
b. Particle Beam Therapy
c. EBRT
d. SBRT

A

a. Brachytherapy

38
Q

Who developed the manchester system for radium therapy?

a. Henri Coutard
b. Marie Curie
c. Herbert Parker
d. Ralston Patterson

A

c. Herbert Parker

39
Q

Who proposed an approximation that predicts the energy levels and radii of multi-electron atoms reasonably well
despite its inherent simplicity?

a. Douglas Hatree
b. Albert Einstein
c. Niels Bohr
d. Erwin Schrodinger

A

a. Douglas Hatree

40
Q

This allows accurate positioning of the radiation field by a visible projection of the radiation field in relation to skin marks or other reference points.

a. Field light
b. Multi-leaf collimator (MLC)
c. Primary collimator
d. Secondary collimator

A

a. Field light

41
Q

These are heavy metal field shaping devices with independent moving mechanism used to create a custom shaped block to spare normal tissue and direct radiation dose to tumor.

a. Field light
b. Multi-leaf collimator (MLC)
c. Primary collimator
d. Secondary collimator

A

b. Multi-leaf collimator (MLC)

42
Q

Production of a clinical x-ray beam in megavolts is achieved through the use of:

a. Accelerating waveguide
b. Electron gun
c. Primary collimator
d. Scattering foil

A

b. Electron gun

43
Q

Which type of radiation is the most ionizing?

a. Gamma
b. Beta
c. Alpha
d. None of the choices

A

c. Alpha

44
Q

It is the energy absorbed per unit mass of medium

a. Equivalent Dose
b. Effective Dose
c. Exposure
d. Absorbed Dose

A

d. Absorbed Dose

45
Q

This radioactive source has a half-life of 5.27 years and two photon energies of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV

a. Todine-125
b. Cesium-137
c. Cobalt-60
d. Tridium-192

A

c. Cobalt-60

46
Q

The two commonly used radioactive sources in HDR brachytherapy are:

a. Iridium-192
b. Cobalt-60
c. Cesium-137
d. Iodine-125

A

a. Iridium-192
b. Cobalt-60

47
Q

Which law states that “any time charged particle is accelerated or decelerated part of its energy is emitted in the
form of photon (bremsstrahlung)?

a. Larmor’s Law
b. E=mc^2
c. Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau
d. Law of Motion

A

a. Larmor’s Law

48
Q

It is the nucleus of the hydrogen atom.

a. Electron
b. Neutron
c. Proton
d. Photon

A

c. Proton

49
Q

The unit used to describe the energy of a photon beam in the linac is:

a. Joule
b. Mega-electron volts (MeV)
c. Megavolts (MV)
d. Gray

A

c. Megavolts (MV)

50
Q

This particular component of the linac steers the direction of electron beams towards the patient.

a. All of the given choices
b. Accelerating waveguide
c. Electron gun
d. Bending magnet

A

d. Bending magnet

51
Q

The atomic mass scale was usually based on what element?

a. Fluorine
b. Oxygen
c. Hydrogen
d. Carbon

A

d. Carbon

52
Q

Which type of Internal Radiation Therapy are radioactive sources placed directly into the tissue?

a. Interstitial implants
b. Intra-operative implants
c. Intracavitary implants
d. Opera-cavitary implants

A

a. Interstitial implants

53
Q

What do you call nuclides with the same Z and A but with extra excitation energy above ground state?

a. Isobars
b. Isomers
c. Isotones
d. Isotopes

A

b. Isomers

54
Q

Which Standard machine used for modern radiotherapy functions with an energy range of 80 - 350 kVp?

a. cobalt-60 teletherapy
b. Orthovoltage machine
c. superficial x-ray machine
d. LINAC

A

b. Orthovoltage machine

55
Q

What do you call the branch of medicine that uses ionizing radiation in treatment of malignant diseases.

a. Diagnostic Radiology
b. Chemotherapy
c. Medical Physics
d. Radiation Oncology

A

d. Radiation Oncology

56
Q

The ______ is an organ whose sensitivity to radiation is such that the dose received from a treatment plan may
be significant compared to its tolerance, possibly requiring a change in the beam arrangement or a change in the
dose.

a. OTV
b. OCTV
c. OAR
d. CTV

A

c. OAR

57
Q

In the _________ the particles are accelerated along a spiral trajectory guide inside two evacuated half-cylindrical
electrodes (dees) by a uniform magnetic field produced between the pole pieces of a large magnet.

a. betatron
b. Synchrotron
c. cyclotron
d. microtron

A

c. cyclotron

Reviewer (2 decks)

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