radphysics

Question 1

number of protons + number of neutrons

Answer 1

mass number

Question 2

number of protons

Answer 2

atomic number

Question 3

abbreviation used to represent atom in chemical formulas

Answer 3

atomic symbol

Question 4

maximum number of electrons that can exist in each shell increases with the distance of the shell from nucleus

Answer 4

electron arrangement

Question 5

spontaneous emission of particles and energy to become stable

Answer 5

radioactivity

Question 6

radioactive isotopes

Answer 6

radioisotope

Question 7

the time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one half of its original value

Answer 7

radioactive half life

Question 8

half life of iodine 131

Answer 8

8 days

Question 9

half life of technetium 99m

Answer 9

6 hours

Question 10

half life of cobalt 60

Answer 10

5.3 years

Question 11

energy disturbances that move through space at the speed of light (c)

have no mass

have electric and magnetic field that are continuously changing in sinusoidal fashion

Answer 11

photon

Question 12

speed of light

Answer 12

3 x 10⁸ m/s
186,000 mi/s

Question 13

number of wavelength that pass a point of observation per second

Answer 13

frequency

Question 14

distance of one crest to another, from one valley to another or from any point to the sine wave to the next corresponding point

Answer 14

wavelength

Question 15

velocity = ___ x ____

Answer 15

frequency x wavelength

Question 16

radiation with enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from the orbit of an atom, causing that atom to become charged or ionized

Answer 16

ionizing radiation

Question 17

V = IR

V - electric potential in volts
I - electric current in amperes
R - electric resistance in ohms

Answer 17

ohm’s law

Question 18

measures the voltage provided to the xray imaging system and adjust that voltage to precisely 220 V

Answer 18

line compensator

Question 19

supply a precise voltage to the filament circuit and high voltage circuit of xray imaging system

Answer 19

autotransformer

Question 20

responsible for increasing the output voltage from the autotransformer for the kVp necessary for xray production

Answer 20

high voltage generator

Question 21

three primary parts of high voltage transformer

Answer 21

high voltage transformer
filament transformer
rectifiers

Question 22

ratio of number of secondary windings to the number of primary windings

Answer 22

turns ratio

Question 23

process of converting an AC to DC

Answer 23

voltage rectification

Question 24

another way to characterize voltage waveforms

Answer 24

voltage ripple

Question 25

guards against excessive radiation exposure and electric shock

Answer 25

protective housing

Question 26

maintains a vacuum inside the tube

Answer 26

glass or metal enclosure

Question 27

negative side of xray tube

Answer 27

cathode

Question 28

two primary parts of cathode

Answer 28

filament and focusing cup

Question 29

small coil of wire that emits electrons when heated 2mm in diameter and 1 to 2cm long

Answer 29

filament

Question 30

filament are usually made of ____ ____

Answer 30

thoriated tungsten

Question 31

this metal provides for higher thermionic emission than other metal its melting point is 3410 degrees Celsius

Answer 31

tungsten

Question 32

this is where filament is embedded

Answer 32

focusing cup

Question 33

positive side of xray tube and it conducts electricity and radiates heat and xrays from target

Answer 33

anode

Question 34

an area of the target from which xrays are emitted

Answer 34

focal spot

Question 35

the ___ the focal spot, the better spatial resolution of an image

Answer 35

smaller

Question 36

area of anode struck by electrons from the cathode

Answer 36

target

Question 37

a design to allow a large area of heating while maintaining a small focal spot

Answer 37

line focus principle

Question 38

reduced xray intensity on the anode side due to angulation of the target

Answer 38

anode heel effect

Question 39

states that the radiosensitivity of the living tissue varies with human maturation and metabolism

Answer 39

law of bergonie and tribondeau

Question 40

stem cells are _____

Answer 40

radiosensitive

Question 41

mature cells are ____

Answer 41

radioresistant

Question 42

dose delivered continuously but at a lower dose rate

Answer 42

protraction

Question 43

dose delivered into smaller fractions over a period of time

Answer 43

fractionation

Question 44

tissue is more sensitive to radiation in oxygenated state

Answer 44

oxygen effect

Question 45

humans are more sensitive before birth

Answer 45

age

Question 46

human cells can recover from radiation damage if the radiation dose is insufficient to kill the cell before its next division

Answer 46

recovery

Question 47

chemicals that increase effect of radiation

Answer 47

radiosensitizers

Question 48

chemicals that decrease the effects of radiation

Answer 48

radioprotective agents

Question 49

a radiobiologic evidence that suggest that a little bit of radiation is good for the body

Answer 49

homeosis

Question 50

non threshold dose response linear dose response incidence of response increases with radiation dose

Answer 50

stochastic

Question 51

threshold dose response non linear dose response severity of response increases with radiation dose

Answer 51

deterministic

Question 52

any point above zero a dose must reach a point before producing an effect

Answer 52

threshold

Question 53

follows a straight line/path a response is produced directly proportional to the dose given

Answer 53

linear

Question 54

usually follow high dose exposure and appear as an early response they exhibit a dose threshold as the radiation increases, the severity of the response increases

Answer 54

deterministic effect

Question 55

responses are cancer, leukemia or genetic effects such response usually follow low dose exposure and appear as a late radiation response years later

Answer 55

stochastic effect

Question 56

skin reddening hair loss infertility malformation on unborn child

Answer 56

deterministic

Question 57

immediate response to radiation sickness occur within hours after exposure and continue for up to a day or two

Answer 57

prodromal

Question 58

a period of apparent well being ager a period of initial radiation sickness extends from hours or less

Answer 58

latent

Question 59

occupational exposure

Answer 59

50 mSv per year

Question 60

general public exposure

Answer 60

1 mSv per year