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inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry > Radiopharmaceuticals and Contrast Media > Flashcards

Radiopharmaceuticals and Contrast Media Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ of an element have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

A

Isotopes

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2
Q

number of proton in the nucleus is equal to the __________ of atom

A

atomic number

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3
Q

The only variation in isotopes

A

kinetic or rates of chemical reactions.

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4
Q

FORMULA

Protons

A

Protons = Electrons = Atomic number

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5
Q

FORMULA

Neutrons

A

Neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number

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6
Q

FORMULA

Mass no.

A

Protons + Neutrons

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7
Q

FORMULA

Electrons

A

Protons - Charge

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8
Q

Maintain their elemental integrity and do not decompose to other isotopic or elemental forms

TYPE OF ISOTOPE

A

Stable isotopes

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9
Q

Decompose or decay by emission of nuclear particles into other isotopes of the same or different elements

TYPE OF ISOTOPE

A

Unstable or radioactive isotopes

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10
Q

Commonly analysed stable isotopes include?

A

oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and sulfur.

O, C, N, H, S or CHONS

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11
Q
  • The heaviest and slowest of all radioactive emissions
  • Useless for biological applications
A

Alpha particles

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12
Q
  • An electron of nuclear origin
  • Lighter than alpha particles and have more penetrating power than alpha particles
A

Beta particles

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13
Q

2 Types of Beta Particles

A

Negatrons, Positrons

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14
Q
  • An elementary particle with negative charge.
  • Synonyms: electron.
  • Useful biological applications
A

Negatrons

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15
Q
  • Subatomic particle with the same mass as an electron and a numerically equal but positive charge
A

Positrons

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16
Q
  • Little importance in biological applications
  • They are very short lived.
A

Positrons

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17
Q

in physics,it is a reactionin which a particle (electron) and its antiparticle (positron) collide and disappear, releasing energy

A

Annihilation

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18
Q

made up your radio waves such as infrared and ultraviolet rays

A

photons

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19
Q

best described as a photon of electromagnetic radiation.

A

GAMMA RADIATION

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20
Q
  • The rays are of short wavelength similar to x- rays, and travel at the speed of light.
  • They have no mass and no charge but they are of very high energy, giving them excellent penetrating power.
A

GAMMA RADIATION

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21
Q

defined in which the amount of radio nuclides decays to half of its initial value.

A

Half-life

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22
Q

Half life of POLONIUM-212

A

Half-life 3-10 seconds

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23
Q

Half life of IODINE-131

A

8 days

24
Q

Half life of URANIUM-238

A

4.5-10 years

25
Q

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION

A
  • Curie (C)
  • Millicurie (mc)
  • Microcurie (c)
  • Roentgen (R)
  • Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)
  • Radiation Absorbed Dose (RAD)
  • Roentgen Equivalent Man (REM)
  • Exposure Rate Constant
  • Pharmaceuticals dosage forms may be described in terms of RAD units.
26
Q

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION depends upon a number of factors related to the ability of the radiation to ________, the ________ of the radiation, the particular________ and ____ exposed, and the ____ of the radiation.

A

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION depends upon a number of factors related to the ability of the radiation to penetrate tissue, the energy of the radiation, the particular tissue and surface area exposed, and the dose rate of the radiation.

27
Q

There are a number of preparations containing radioisotopes which are used internally for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. These preparations are referred to, collectively, as?

A

radiopharmaceuticals

28
Q

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

A

CYANOCOBALAMIN 57

29
Q

BLOOD VOLUME DETERMINATION

A

I-125 SERUM ALBUMIN INJECTION

30
Q

BV AND CARDIAC OUTPUT DETERMINATION

A

I-131 SERUM ALBUMIN

31
Q

RENAL FUNCTION

A

IODOHIPPURATE I-131 INJECTION

32
Q

THYROID FUNCTION

A

SODIUM IODIDED I-131

33
Q

BRAIN AND THYROID SCANNING

A

SODIUM PERTECHNITATE Tc99m

34
Q

BRAIN AND KIDNEY SCANNING

A

CHLORMERODIN Hg-197

35
Q

TX. OF OCULAR TUMOR AND ANTIPOLYCYTHEMIA

A

SODIUM PHOSPHATE P-43

36
Q

Lung scanning

A

Tc-99m Albumin Aggregated Injection

37
Q

Imaging areas of functioning reticulonucleoendothelial cells

A

Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid Injection

38
Q

Cardiac pool pumping

A

Tc-99m Labeled RBC

39
Q

Bone imaging

A

Tc-99m Methylene diphosphate

40
Q

Cardiac infarct imaging

A

Tc-99m Pyrophosphate

41
Q

Imaging of myocardial perfusion, breast tumor

A

Tc-99m Sestamibi

42
Q

Gastric emptying imaging

A

Tc-99m Sulfur colloid cooked in scrambled eggs

43
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

99mTc Bicirumab

44
Q

Liver imaging and potency studies

A

Tc-99m Phytate

45
Q

Cardiac infarc imaging

A

Tc-99m Pyrophosphate

46
Q

Kidney imaging to determine renal function

A

Tc-99m Heptagluconate

47
Q

Hepatobiliary studies

A

Tc-99m IDA

48
Q

Bone imaging

A

Tc-99m Etindronate

49
Q

Liver scanning

A

Gold Au 98

50
Q

Liver function

A

Sodium Rose Bengal I-131

51
Q

Pancreatic

A

Selenomethionine Se-75

52
Q

IDA stands for

A

iminodiacetic acid

53
Q

Chemical compounds containing elements of high atomic number which stop the passage of x-rays.

A

RADIOPAQUE CONTRAST MEDIA

54
Q

Most commonly used elements in radiopaque contrast media

A

Ba and I

55
Q

Lack of healthy RBC cause by Vit. B12 Deficiency

A

Pernicious anemia

type of megaloblastic anemia

56
Q

Increased blood cell levels caused by the overproduction of bone marrow

A

Polycythemia vera

57
Q

Increased blood cell levels caused by the overproduction of bone marrow

A

Polycythemia vera

inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry (2 decks)

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