Radiology Small Groups Flashcards
What are the 5 A-tions? Which one is not a true one? Explain each.
- Identification: name of patient and date
- Projection*: AP, PA, right or left
- Penetration: should be able to see vertebral bodies behind the heart and other soft tissues
- Rotation: midline structures lined up, normal distances between ribs, area closer to beam will be more pronounced, if the spinous processes appear equidistant to medial end of each clavicle then there is no rotation
- Inspiration: diaphragm should intersect the 5th to 7th anterior ribs at midclavicular line and the diaphragm contour should be visible and should be able to see at least 9 posterior ribs
List densities from least to most on a radiograph.
- Air (black)
- Fat
- Soft tissue/water
- Bone/calcium
- Metal/contrast (white)
Orientation of posterior ribs?
Horizontally
What 2 soft tissues can make it hard to read a chest radiograph?
- Boobs
- Skin folds (obese)
What helps determine if you are looking at PA or AP to determine which side is which?
Where the gas bubble is = LEFT SIDE
- Arrowhead: right minor lung fissure
- Arrows: left major lung fissure
Pneumonia in superior right lung lobe
When are the lung fissures highlighted?
When there is pathology
Other name for oblique fissures?
Major fissures
Other name for right lung horizontal fissure?
Minor fissure
Arrow: minor fissure
RUL pneumonia
How do you really know what part of the lung has disease?
The different lobes all come in contact with different structures within the thorax. When there is disease (i.e., pneumonia) within a certain lobe, it will touch (SILHOUETTE) a specific thoracic structure
RUL
RUL
Densities in RUL
Pathology in RML silhouettes the right heart border
Pathology in RML silhouettes the right heart border
Pathology in the RLL silhouettes the right diaphragm
Pathology in the RLL obscures spine
Pathology in LUL silhouettes the left lung apex and left upper mediastinum (left cardiac border), sparing the left diaphragm
Pathology in LUL silhouettes the left lung apex and left upper mediastinum, sparing the left diaphragm
Pathology in LLL silhouettes the left diaphragm and there is a preserved left cardiac border
Pathology in LLL silhouettes the left diaphragm and there is a preserved left cardiac border
Identify structures in the mediastinum.
Normal size of heart?
No wider than 1 hemithorax
What is the only heart chamber that does not form a border on a frontal CXR?
RV
What are the 5 Ts of the anterior mediastinum?
Only 5 structures can be found in the anterior mediastinum:
- T: thymus
- T: thyroid tumor
- T: thoracic aorta (due to dilated thoracic aorta)
- T: terrible lymphoma
- T: teratoma and germ cell tumours
How to recognize anterior mediastinum on a lateral CXR?
Anterior of trachea to chest wall
How to recognize middle mediastinum on a lateral CXR?
Vertebrae to trachea
How to recognize posterior mediastinum on a lateral CXR?
Posterior to vertebrae
Arrow to descending thoracic aorta is too high
Pulmonary angiogram
What is this?
Aortogram
Can you distinguish a pulmonary artery from a main bronchus on a CXR?
NOPE
What is this?
Bronchogram (no longer used)
Numbers?
Numbers?
Lateral chest CXR: position of right pulmonary artery in relation to right upper lobe bronchus?
Anterior
Lateral chest CXR: position of left pulmonary artery in relation to right upper lobe bronchus?
OVER
Pathology?
Lymphadenopathy of paratracheal nodes in right chest
Pathology? Potential cause?
Lymphadenopathy of hilar nodes in both lungs
Could be sarcoidosis if in a young female patient
Pathology?
Cardiomegaly
Pathology?
Pleural effusion with white meniscus
Pathology?
Pleural effusion
Pathology?
Pneumothorax
Pathology?
Tension pneumothorax
Pathology?
Right pneumonectomy
Plane?
Sagittal
Plane?
Coronal
Window?
Lung window
Pathology? Window?
Right pneumothorax
Lung window
Pathology? Window?
Left pneumo-thorax,
subcutaneous emphysema
(CT, lung windows)
Pathology?
Pleural and pericardial effusions
Pathology?
Right aortic arch
Pathology?
Right aortic arch
Pathology?
Right lung cancer
CT scan: what is the very small vessel that is directly anterior to vertebrae when the pulmonary trunk is visible?
Azygos vein
CT scan: what is the vessel that is directly posterior/lateral to the ascending when the pulmonary trunk is visible?
SVC
CT scan: what is passing directly posterior to the esophagus at the level where the esophagus is touching the LA?
Descending aorta
What does it look like on a CT if a patient is in the process of burping?
Esophagus is expanded and there is a black air bubble in it
CT scan: if you see the pulmonary trunk, can you see the trachea?
NOPE (usually), it has already divided
What is D?
Descending aorta
What color does the spine appear on a CXR?
Grey
What color does cerebrospinal fluid appear on a CXR? Where is it located?
Black
Posterior to spine
What is a lipoma? What does it look like on a mammogram?
Benign mass arising from adipose tissue
Superficial, encapsulated, same density as breast
What does intraductal carcinoma look like on a mammogram?
Calcification in ducts
What does a cyst look like on a mammogram?
White circular mass
What is the posterior wall of bronchus intermedius?
Stripe formed by the interface of the posterior wall of bronchus intermedius and the air within the azygo-oesophageal recess
