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SMP - Cardiopulmonary Lab Practical > Radiology Small Groups > Flashcards

Radiology Small Groups Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 A-tions? Which one is not a true one? Explain each.

A
  1. Identification: name of patient and date
  2. Projection*: AP, PA, right or left
  3. Penetration: should be able to see vertebral bodies behind the heart and other soft tissues
  4. Rotation: midline structures lined up, normal distances between ribs, area closer to beam will be more pronounced, if the spinous processes appear equidistant to medial end of each clavicle then there is no rotation
  5. Inspiration: diaphragm should intersect the 5th to 7th anterior ribs at midclavicular line and the diaphragm contour should be visible and should be able to see at least 9 posterior ribs
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2
Q

List densities from least to most on a radiograph.

A
  1. Air (black)
  2. Fat
  3. Soft tissue/water
  4. Bone/calcium
  5. Metal/contrast (white)
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3
Q

Orientation of posterior ribs?

A

Horizontally

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4
Q

What 2 soft tissues can make it hard to read a chest radiograph?

A
  1. Boobs
  2. Skin folds (obese)
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5
Q

What helps determine if you are looking at PA or AP to determine which side is which?

A

Where the gas bubble is = LEFT SIDE

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6
Q
A
  • Arrowhead: right minor lung fissure
  • Arrows: left major lung fissure

Pneumonia in superior right lung lobe

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7
Q

When are the lung fissures highlighted?

A

When there is pathology

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8
Q

Other name for oblique fissures?

A

Major fissures

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9
Q

Other name for right lung horizontal fissure?

A

Minor fissure

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10
Q
A

Arrow: minor fissure

RUL pneumonia

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11
Q

How do you really know what part of the lung has disease?

A

The different lobes all come in contact with different structures within the thorax. When there is disease (i.e., pneumonia) within a certain lobe, it will touch (SILHOUETTE) a specific thoracic structure

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12
Q
A

RUL

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13
Q
A

RUL

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14
Q
A

Densities in RUL

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15
Q
A

Pathology in RML silhouettes the right heart border

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16
Q
A

Pathology in RML silhouettes the right heart border

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17
Q
A

Pathology in the RLL silhouettes the right diaphragm

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18
Q
A

Pathology in the RLL obscures spine

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19
Q
A

Pathology in LUL silhouettes the left lung apex and left upper mediastinum (left cardiac border), sparing the left diaphragm

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20
Q
A

Pathology in LUL silhouettes the left lung apex and left upper mediastinum, sparing the left diaphragm

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21
Q
A

Pathology in LLL silhouettes the left diaphragm and there is a preserved left cardiac border

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22
Q
A

Pathology in LLL silhouettes the left diaphragm and there is a preserved left cardiac border

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23
Q

Identify structures in the mediastinum.

A
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24
Q
A
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25
Q

Normal size of heart?

A

No wider than 1 hemithorax

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26
Q

What is the only heart chamber that does not form a border on a frontal CXR?

A

RV

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27
Q
A
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28
Q

What are the 5 Ts of the anterior mediastinum?

A

Only 5 structures can be found in the anterior mediastinum:

  1. T: thymus
  2. T: thyroid tumor
  3. T: thoracic aorta (due to dilated thoracic aorta)
  4. T: terrible lymphoma
  5. T: teratoma and germ cell tumours
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29
Q

How to recognize anterior mediastinum on a lateral CXR?

A

Anterior of trachea to chest wall

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30
Q

How to recognize middle mediastinum on a lateral CXR?

A

Vertebrae to trachea

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31
Q

How to recognize posterior mediastinum on a lateral CXR?

A

Posterior to vertebrae

32
Q
A

Arrow to descending thoracic aorta is too high

33
Q
A

Pulmonary angiogram

34
Q

What is this?

A

Aortogram

35
Q
A
36
Q

Can you distinguish a pulmonary artery from a main bronchus on a CXR?

A

NOPE

37
Q

What is this?

A

Bronchogram (no longer used)

38
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q

Numbers?

A
41
Q

Numbers?

A
42
Q

Lateral chest CXR: position of right pulmonary artery in relation to right upper lobe bronchus?

A

Anterior

43
Q

Lateral chest CXR: position of left pulmonary artery in relation to right upper lobe bronchus?

A

OVER

44
Q

Pathology?

A

Lymphadenopathy of paratracheal nodes in right chest

45
Q

Pathology? Potential cause?

A

Lymphadenopathy of hilar nodes in both lungs

Could be sarcoidosis if in a young female patient

46
Q

Pathology?

A

Cardiomegaly

47
Q

Pathology?

A

Pleural effusion with white meniscus

48
Q

Pathology?

A

Pleural effusion

49
Q

Pathology?

A

Pneumothorax

50
Q

Pathology?

A

Tension pneumothorax

51
Q

Pathology?

A

Right pneumonectomy

52
Q

Plane?

A

Sagittal

53
Q

Plane?

A

Coronal

54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q

Window?

A

Lung window

58
Q

Pathology? Window?

A

Right pneumothorax

Lung window

59
Q

Pathology? Window?

A

Left pneumo-thorax,
subcutaneous emphysema
(CT, lung windows)

60
Q

Pathology?

A

Pleural and pericardial effusions

61
Q

Pathology?

A

Right aortic arch

62
Q

Pathology?

A

Right aortic arch

63
Q

Pathology?

A

Right lung cancer

64
Q

CT scan: what is the very small vessel that is directly anterior to vertebrae when the pulmonary trunk is visible?

A

Azygos vein

65
Q

CT scan: what is the vessel that is directly posterior/lateral to the ascending when the pulmonary trunk is visible?

A

SVC

66
Q

CT scan: what is passing directly posterior to the esophagus at the level where the esophagus is touching the LA?

A

Descending aorta

67
Q

What does it look like on a CT if a patient is in the process of burping?

A

Esophagus is expanded and there is a black air bubble in it

68
Q

CT scan: if you see the pulmonary trunk, can you see the trachea?

A

NOPE (usually), it has already divided

69
Q

What is D?

A

Descending aorta

70
Q

What color does the spine appear on a CXR?

A

Grey

71
Q

What color does cerebrospinal fluid appear on a CXR? Where is it located?

A

Black

Posterior to spine

72
Q

What is a lipoma? What does it look like on a mammogram?

A

Benign mass arising from adipose tissue

Superficial, encapsulated, same density as breast

73
Q

What does intraductal carcinoma look like on a mammogram?

A

Calcification in ducts

74
Q

What does a cyst look like on a mammogram?

A

White circular mass

75
Q

What is the posterior wall of bronchus intermedius?

A

Stripe formed by the interface of the posterior wall of bronchus intermedius and the air within the azygo-oesophageal recess

SMP - Cardiopulmonary Lab Practical (11 decks)

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