Radiology Revision Flashcards
appearance of pneumonia vs lobar collapse vs pulmonary oedema
pneumonia = unilateral consolidation
lobar collapse = area of increased opacity
pulmonary oedema = bilateral consolidation; cotton wool
pneumothorax CXR (tension vs spontaneous)
tension pneumothorax will also have displaced mediastinum and flattened diaphragm due to hyperinflation. though generally not imaged as a medical emergency (lack of venous return from SVC: cardiac arrest)
right lower lobe vs middle lobe consolidation
If you can’t see the diaphragm then right lower lobe consolidation
If you can then right middle lobe consolidation
maximal inspiration rib
anterior 6th rib of right side should be visible
tracheal deviation on CXR
deviation TOWARDS pathology
atelectasis (lobar collapse), lobectomy, fibrosis
deviation AWAY from pathology
tension pneumothorax
massive pleural effusion
asbestosis on CXR
pleural plaques (holly leaves)
pleural thickening seen at lung edge
causes of atelectasis
lung cancer unless proven to be infection.. etc
mucus plugging, misplaced endotracheal tube,
compression by adjacent mass, aspirated foreign material
cannonball metastasis common cause
renal carcinoma
sail sign
Left lower lobar collapse –> sail sign (straight side)
heart failure CXR
1) Alveolar (pulmonary) oedema (3) bilateral opacification in the middle zones; bilateral. AKA bat winging
2) Curley B lines (2)
3) Cardiomegaly
4) Blunting of diaphragmatic edge
Upper zone vessel enlargement
diaphragm CXR
right hemi-diaphragm 1 rib higher than left
stomach on left (gastric bubble)
gap = pneumoperitoneum (emergency, CT)
signs of hyperinflation CXR
flattened diaphragm, blunt costophrenic angles, distorted lung markings
ex COPD
how are abdominal CXR taken?
supine
key signs of bowel obstruction
haustral lines visible = large intestine (coffee bean = sigmoid volvulus)
valvular conniventes = stacked coins = small bowel
most common cause of large bowel obstruction
cancer
