Radiology Identification/Competency Flashcards
A = enamel
B = pulp
C = dentin
caries
cervical burnout
root canals open at the apices of adult incisors
root canal
“Although the root canal is typically not radiographically
visible in the apical 2 mm of a tooth, anatomically it is
present and contains the vascular and neural supply to
the pulp”
lamina dura appearing has thin opaque layer of bone around teeth
lamina dura around a recent extraction socket
what is this
where is it sharp? where is it blunt?
alveolar crest
sharp anteriorly, blunt posteriorly
alveolar crest
seen as cortical borders of alveolar bone. continous w/ lamina dura
PDL space
A double periodontal ligament space and lamina dura
(arrows) may be seen when there is a convexity of the
proximal surface of the root resulting in two heights of
contour. Double periodontal ligament spaces may also be
seen on the mesial surfaces of both roots of the first
molar.
cancellous bone
The trabecular pattern in the
anterior maxilla is characterized by
fine trabecular plates and multiple
small trabecular spaces (arrow).
cancellous bone
The trabecular pattern in the
anterior mandible is
characterized by coarser
trabecular plates (arrow)
and larger marrow spaces
than in the anterior maxilla.
cancellous bone
The trabecular pattern in the posterior
mandible is quite variable, generally
showing large marrow spaces and sparse
trabeculation, especially inferiorly
(arrows).
intermaxillary suture
(appears as a curved radioluceny in midline of maxilla)
The anterior nasal spine is seen as an
opaque irregular, or V-shaped projection from
the floor of the nasal aperture in the midline
(arrow).
The anterior floor of the nasal
aperture (arrows) appears as
opaque lines extending laterally
from the anterior nasal spine.
The nasal septum (black
arrow) arises directly above
the anterior nasal spine and
is covered on each side by
mucosa (white arrow).
The mucosal covering of the inferior concha (arrow) is
occasionally visualized in the nasal cavity.
The floor of the nasal aperture (arrows)
often may be seen extending
posteriorly from the anterior nasal
spine above the maxillary lateral incisor
and canine.
The floor of the nasal cavity, or hard palate (arrows),
extends posteriorly, superimposed over the maxillary
sinus.
nasopalatine canal/incisive foramen
A) The incisive foramen appears as an ovoid
radiolucency (arrows) between the roots of the central
incisors. (B) Note its borders, which are diffuse but within
normal limits.
nasopalatine canal.
lateral walls of nasopalatine canal extend from incisive foramen to the floor of the nasal fossa
cone beam image in sagittal plane shows superior foramina in floor of nasal fossa, the anterior and posterior borders of the canal, and the incisive foramen opening onto hard palate
cone beam image in axial plate at the level of the incisive foramen shows anterior and lateral borders of the incisive canal lying palatal to the incisor roots seen in cross section
lateral fossa
radiolucency in region of apex of lateral incisor
soft tissue outline of the nose is superimposed on anterior maxilla
The inferior border of the maxillary sinus
(arrows)appears as a thin radiopaque line
near the apices of the maxillary premolars
and molars.
(A) and (B) The floor of the maxillary sinus (arrows)
often extends toward the crest of the alveolar ridge in
response to missing teeth.
inverted ‘Y’ line of Ennis
The anterior border of the maxillary sinus (white arrows)
crosses the floor of the nasal fossa (black arrow).
Neurovascular canals (arrows) in the lateral wall of the
maxillary sinus. Such vascular canals, although typically
less prominent, are commonly seen in the walls of the
normal maxillary sinus.
Maxillary sinus septa. (A) Septum (arrow) in the
maxillary sinus formed by a low ridge of bone on the sinus
wall
The zygomatic process of the
maxilla (arrows) protrudes laterally
from the maxillary wall. Its size may
be quite variable: small with thick
borders (A) or large with thin
borders (B).
The zygomatic process of the
maxilla (arrows) protrudes laterally
from the maxillary wall. Its size may
be quite variable: small with thick
borders (A) or large with thin
borders (B).
The nasolabial soft tissue fold (arrows) extends across
the canine-premolar region.
Pterygoid plates (arrows)
located posterior to the
maxillary tuberosity.
The hamular process (arrow)
extends inferiorly from the
medial pterygoid plate.
The genial tubercles (arrow) appear as a
radiopaque mass, in this case without
evidence of the lingual foramen.
lingual foramen on periapical view w/ sclerotic border in symphyseal region of mandible
lingual foramen - con be sagittal section thru mendibular midline showing superior lingual foramen extending deep into the mandible from lingual surface
what are blue arrows
Mental ridge (arrows) on the anterior surface of
the mandible, seen as a radiopaque ridge. The
mental ridge is most prominent when the beam
is angled from well below the occlusal plane.
Mental ridge (arrows) on the anterior surface of
the mandible, seen as a radiopaque ridge. The
mental ridge is most prominent when the beam
is angled from well below the occlusal plane.
The mental fossa is a depression on the anterior
surface of the mandible and is seen as a radiolucent area
with illdefined borders (arrows) in the region of the incisor
roots.
The mental foramen (arrow) appears as an oval
radiolucency typically near the apex of the second
premolar.
The mental foramen (arrow) (over the apex of the
second premolar) may simulate periapical disease.
However, continuity of the lamina dura around the apex
indicates the absence of periapical abnormality.
Inferior alveolar canal. (A) On periapical view, arrows
denote radiopaque superior and inferior cortical borders.
Inferior alveolar canal.
(B) Cone beam section through the body of the mandible
(different patient) shows corticated borders of the inferior
alveolar canal.
Inferior alveolar canal. (C) Cone beam cross-sectional view
shows the circular inferior alveolar canal with corticated
borders lying adjacent to the lingual plate.
Nutrient canals (arrows),
demonstrated by radiopaque
cortical borders, descend from
the mandibular first molar.
Nutrient canals at this location
are a common finding.
Nutrient canals seen as vertical radiolucent
structures (arrows) in the anterior mandible are
often associated with periodontal disease as in
this patient.
Mylohyoid ridge (arrows), radiopaque thick
line, running at the level of the molar
apices and above the inferior alveolar
canal.
The mylohyoid ridge (arrows) may be
dense, especially when a radiograph is
exposed with excessive negative
angulation.
Submandibular gland fossa (arrows), indicated by a
radiolucent region with ill-defined borders and sparse
trabecular bone lying inferiorly to the mandibular molars.
External oblique ridge (arrows) on the buccal surface of
the mandible, seen as a radiopaque line near the alveolar
crest in the mandibular third molar region.
The inferior border of the mandible (arrows) is seen as
a dense, broad radiopaque band.
Coronoid process of the mandible (arrows)
superimposed on the maxillary tuberosity.
Amalgam restorations appear completely
radiopaque (arrows).
Composite restorations appear radiopaque (arrows) but
less so than amalgam.
Composite restorations appear radiopaque (arrows) but
less so than amalgam.
A cast gold crown, appearing
completely radiopaque (arrow), serves
as the terminal abutment of a
bridge.
Stainless steel pins (arrows) provide retention for
amalgam restorations.
Stainless steel crowns appear mostly radiopaque.
Base material (arrow) is usually radiopaque but
less opaque than the amalgam restoration.
Gutta-percha (arrows) is a radiopaque rubber-like
material used in endodontic therapy.
porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crown
Porcelain appears radiolucent (arrow) over a metal
coping.
Zirconia crowns appear radiopaque similar to metal
Orthodontic appliances have a characteristic
radiopaque appearance.
describe density
under exposed = bad
describe density
good- acceptable
describe density
over exposed - bad
A
zygomatic arch
B
zygomaticotemportal
C
orbit
D
lateral walls of nose
E
infraorbital canal
F
pterygopalatine fissure
G
articular eminence
H
external auditory meatus
I
glenoid fossa
J
maxilla posterior wall
K
sinus floor
L
mental foramen
A
root of zygoma (malar process look below for apex of 2nd molar)
B
soft palate
C
uvula
D
posterior 1/3 tongue
A
infraoribtal canal
B
condylar head
C
condylar neck
D
mandibular (condylar notch)
E
coronoid process
F
posterior vertical ramus
G
angle of mandible
H
inferior border of mandible
A
air in pinna
B
ear lobe
C
epilglottis
D
long horn (cornu) hyoid bone)
E
pterygopalatine fissure
F
anterior border pterygoid plates
G
posterior wall maxillary sinus
H
pterygoid hamulus region
I
inteferior alveolar nerve canal
J
body of hyoid bone
A
styloid process
B
alar (lateral) nasal cartilages
C
nasal tip
