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Radiology > Radiology Exam 3 > Flashcards

Radiology Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Quality assurance

A

planning, implementation and evaluation of procedures to produce high quality radiographs with maximum diagnostic information while minimizing the radiation exposure

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2
Q

Quality control

A

A series of test to assure that the radiographic system is functioning properly and that the radiographs produced are of an acceptable level of quality

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3
Q

Quality Control Objectives:

A
  • Maintain high standard of image quality
  • ID problems BEFORE image quality is compromised
  • Keep the patient and occupational radiation exposure to a minimum
  • Reduce the # of retakes
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4
Q

X-ray Machine Monitoring:

A 
Testing Includes:
Radiation output
Time accuracy
mA and kV settings
Focal spot size
Filtration
Collimation
Beam alignment
Tube head stabilitty
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5
Q

Most important thing for automatic processors:

A

Maintenance and keeping the rollers clean and fluids checked

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6
Q

Clearing Time Test:

A

If the film does not clear in 4 minutes or less, the fixer needs replacement

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7
Q

What is a stepwedge?

A
  • Device with layered metal steps of varying thickness to determine film density and contrast
  • Used to test the strength of the chemicals
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8
Q

Where is the stepwedge placed?

A

On a #2 film and exposed; this is compared to a reference film

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9
Q

Monitors safelight and darkroom conditions:

A

Place a coin on an unwrapped film (not exposed) under the safelight leaving for 2-3 minutes. Process, if coin is visible on the film then safelight fails

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10
Q

Digital:

A

Inspect equipment on a regular basis for signs of wear or deterioration

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11
Q

Quality Administration Procedures:

A
  • Documentation is required to prove it was done
  • Should include an assessment of current practices
  • Should also include WHO is responsible for the testing and record-keeping
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12
Q

Quality Administration:

A
  • Description of the plan
  • Assignment of duties
  • Monitoring schedule
  • Maintenance schedule
  • Record-keeping log
  • Plan for evaluation and revision
  • In-service training
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13
Q

Common Restorative Materials:

A 
Amalgam
Composite
Pins
Porcelain
Stainless Steel Crowns
Bases
Silver Points
Sargenti paste
Gutta Percha
Post & Core build ups
Implants
Orthodontics, etc...
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14
Q

Anodontia

A

Missing teeth

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15
Q

Supernumerary

A

(Extra) teeth with no space for eruption

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16
Q

Dens in Dente

A

Tooth within a tooth

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17
Q

Hypercementosis

A

Excessive cementum

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18
Q

Dilaceration

A

Sharp bend in the root (usually in premolars)

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19
Q

Taurodontia

A

A tooth normally a mandibular molar with a very large pulp chamber and very short roots

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20
Q

Gemination

A

(Twinning) is a single tooth but divides into two teeth

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21
Q

Fusion

A

Two teeth joined or connected almost always at the crown

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22
Q

Concresence

A

When the cementum of 2 adjacent teeth is joined or fused; appears as overlapping roots

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23
Q

What is dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

The malformation of dentin

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24
Q

What is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

The malformation of enamel

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25
Q

Periapical abscess is caused by bacteria that has reached the pulp and caused irreversible pulp damage

A

Apical disease

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26
Q

Granuloma

A

Granulation tissue that is continuous with the PDL and attached to the root apex

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27
Q

What is a cyst?

A

A fluid filled or semi-solid area that appears RL on a radiograph; most often in supernumery teeth

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28
Q

What is a odontogenic cyst?

A

Any cyst formed because of a tooth may be periapical, residual, dentigerous

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29
Q

What is a nonodontogenic cyst?

A

Any cyst not arising from a tooth

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30
Q

Formed by an abnormal proliferation of odontogenic cells (cells that form teeth)

A

Odontogenic tumors

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31
Q

Large RL area of enamel origin with mono or multilocular (many compartments) that gives a soap bubble appearance

A

Ameloblastoma

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32
Q

Most common and is a small misshapened mass of teeth

A

Odontoma

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33
Q

Cementoma

A

A cementifying fibroma usually on mandibular anteriors in women and require no treatment

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34
Q

What is tooth resorption?

A

Primary teeth undergo in response to erupting permanent teeth

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35
Q

Retained roots are very common on radiographs caused by:

A
  • Primary tooth root tips
  • Crown has decayed completely away
  • Dentist left in extraction
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36
Q

What are sialoliths?

A

Salivary stones that are deposits of calcium salts in salivary glands or ducts

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37
Q

What are rhinoliths?

A

Stones in the maxillary sinus

38
Q

What are phleboliths?

A

Calcified thrombi in soft tissues usually the cheek

39
Q

Condensing Osteitis is:

A

The sclerosis or hardening bone as a result of infection

40
Q

What is osteosclerosis?

A

Abnormally dense bone not a result of infection

41
Q

What is a cortical bone?

A

The dense outer layer of bone; appears radiopaque on a radiograph

42
Q

Cancellous Bone

A

Soft spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone

43
Q

Five terms can be used to describe the ‘bony prominences’ seen in maxillary and mandibular periapical images:

A 
Process
Ridge
Spine
Tubercle
Tuberosity
44
Q

Process ( bony prominence)

A

A marked prominence or projection of bone

Example: the coronoid process of the mandible

45
Q

Ridge (bony prominence)

A

A linear prominence or projection of bone

Example: the external oblique ridge of the mandible

46
Q

Spine (bony prominence)

A

A sharp, thorn-like projection of bone

Example: the anterior nasal spine of the maxilla

47
Q

Tubercle (bony prominence)

A

A small bump or nodule of bone

Example: the mental tubercles of the mandible

48
Q

Tuberosity (bony prominence)

A

A rounded prominence of bone

Example: the maxillary tuberosity

49
Q

Four terms can be used to describe the ‘spaces’ and ‘depressions’ in bone viewed in maxillary and mandibular periapical images:

A

Canal
Foramen
Fossa
Sinus

50
Q

What is a canal?

A

A tubelike passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels
Example: mandibular canal

51
Q

What is a foramen?

A

An opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels
Example: mental foramen

52
Q

Fossa

A

Broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone

Example: submandibular fossa of the mandible

53
Q

What is a sinus?

A

Hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone

Example: maxillary sinus

54
Q
  • Bony wall that divides two spaces or cavities

- Appears radiopaque

A

Septum

55
Q
  • Immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull
  • Appears as a thin radiolucent line
A

Suture

56
Q

Body Landmarks of the Maxilla

A

Maxilla forms the floor of the orbit of the eyes, sides and floor of the nasal cavities, and hard palate

57
Q

Incisive Foramen

A

An opening or hole in the bone that is located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors

58
Q

Appears as a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors

A

Incisive Foramen

59
Q

Appears as a thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors

A

Median Palatal Suture

60
Q

What does the nasal cavity look like?

A
  • Pear shaped compartment of bone
  • Located superior to the maxilla
  • Divided by a bony wall called the nasal septum
  • Appears as a large radiolucent area above the maxillary incisors
61
Q
  • Very bony wall wall that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae
  • Vertical radiopaque wall
A

Nasal Septum

62
Q

A sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
-Appears as v-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection ofthe floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum

A

Anterior Nasal Spine

63
Q

Inferior Nasal Conache

A

Wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity; radiopaque mass or projection within the nasal cavity

64
Q
  • AKA the canine fossa
  • Is a smooth, depressed area of the maxilla
  • Located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the maxillary canine and lateral incisiors
A

Lateral Fossa

65
Q
  • Intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity
  • Up-side down
  • Located about the maxillary canine
A

Inverted Y

66
Q
  • Located above the maxillary sinus
  • Occupies a large portion of the maxilla
  • Above maxillary premolars and molars
  • Size of a pea at birth
A

Maxillary Sinus

67
Q

Rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region

A

Maxillary Tuberosity

68
Q

Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla:

A
  • Bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma or cheek bone
  • Appears as a J or U shaped
  • Located superior to the maxillary first molar
69
Q

Hamulus

A

Appears as a radiopaque hook-like projecton posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area

70
Q

What is zygoma?

A

Cheek bone

Appears as a diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla

71
Q

Mandible can be divided into three main parts:

A

Ramus
Body
Alveolar Process

72
Q

Ramus

A

Vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar

73
Q

Body

A

Body of the mandible is the horizontal U-shaped portion that extends from ramus to ramus

74
Q

Alveolar Process

A

The portion of the mandible that encases and supports the teeth

75
Q

Tiny bumps of bone

Appear as a ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular incisors

A

Genial Tubercles

76
Q

Tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible

A

Lingual Foramen

77
Q

Nutrient Canals

A

Tube like passage ways through bone that contain nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth
Vertical lines

78
Q

A linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible
-Extends from the premolar region to the midline and slopes slightly upward

A

Mental Ridge

79
Q

Mental Fossa

A

Located above the mental ridge in the mandibular incisor region
Radiolucent area above the mental ridge

80
Q

Opening or hole in the bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars
-Apical Location

A

Mental Foramen

81
Q

Mandibular periapical radiograph appears as a radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the ramus

A

Internal Oblique Ridge

82
Q

Mandibular periapical radiograpgh appears as a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible

A

External Oblique Ridge

83
Q

Submandibular Fossa

A

Scooped out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohoid ridge
-Radiolucent in the molar area

84
Q

Marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible
-Appears as a triangular radiopacity superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity region

A

Coronoid Process

85
Q

Enamel

A

Outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth

86
Q

Dentin

A

Not as radiopaque as enamel

Surrounds the pulp cavity

87
Q

Junction between the dentin and the enamel of a tooth

A

Dentinoenamel Junction

88
Q

Bone that supports and encases the roots of teeth

A

Alveolar Process

89
Q

Anatomic landmarks of the Alveolar Process include the:

A

Lamina Dura
Alveolar Crest
PDL space

90
Q

The wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of the tooth and is made up of cortical bone

A

Lamina Dura

91
Q

Appears radiopaque and is typically 1.5 to 2.0 mm below the junction of the crown and the root surfaces

A

Alveolar Crest

92
Q

Contains connective tisse fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
Appears as a thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth

A

PDL space

Radiology (3 decks)

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