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Radiology > Radiology Exam 2 > Flashcards

Radiology Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Desired image for a periapical radiograph:

A

the full length of the root w/ 2mm periapical bone

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2
Q

Topographical maxillary occlusal projection angle:

A

65

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3
Q

Topographical maxillary occlusal projection for:

A
  1. Palate

2. Anterior teeth

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4
Q

Lateral maxillary occlusal projection angle:

A

60

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5
Q

Lateral maxillary occlusal projection for:

A
  1. Palatal roots of molar teeth

2. Foreign objects

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6
Q

Anterior mandibular occlusal projection angle:

A

-55

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7
Q

Anterior mandibular occlusal projection for:

A

Mandibular anterior teeth

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8
Q

Topographical mandibular occlusal projection angle:

A

90

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9
Q

Topographical mandibular occlusal projection for:

A
  1. buccal and lingual aspects of the mandible
  2. salivary stones
    foreign bodies
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10
Q

Trabecular pattern of maxillary anterior:

A

fine trabecular plates with small trabecular spaces

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11
Q

Trabecular pattern of mandibular anterior:

A

coarse trabecular plates with large marrow spaces

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12
Q

Trabecular patter of mandibular posterior:

A

sparse trabeculation with large marrow spaces

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13
Q

4 anatomical features surrounding bone in radiographs:

A
  1. Alveolar crest
  2. Apex
  3. Lamina dura
  4. PDL space
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14
Q

Define oral antral fistula:

A

communication between oral cavity and maxillary sinus

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15
Q

Growth of an air space:

A

pneumatization

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16
Q

Example of pneumatization:

A

floor of maxillary sinus creeps toward alveolar ridge with age

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17
Q

Radiolucent area above lateral incisor:

A

lateral fossa

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18
Q

How can you distinguish between floor of the maxillary sinus and floor of nasal cavity in radiograph?

A

maxillary sinus floor is more curved

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19
Q

Canal medial to maxillary 2nd molars:

A

nasolacrimal canal

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20
Q

In what kind of patient would you see nutrient canals?

A

An unhealthy patient with poor oral hygiene

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21
Q

Projection of bone lingual to mandibular anteriors:

A

genial tubercle

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22
Q

Foramen near genial tubercle:

A

lingual foramen

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23
Q

Foramen inferior and buccal to mandibular 2nd premolar

A

mental foramen

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24
Q

Radiopaque area inferior to mandibular canal:

A

inferior cortex of the mandible

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25
Q

Synonym for internal oblique ridge of the mandible:

A

mylohyoid line

26
Q

Where is the external oblique ridge?

A

lateral boundary of the retromolar fossa

27
Q

A radiolucent region with ill-defined boarders and sparse trabeculation on the lingual side of the mandible below molars:

A

submandibular gland fossa

28
Q

Elongation and foreshortening are examples of:

A

bisecting angle technique

29
Q

central beam in lateral cephalometric projection:

A

beam is perpendicular to the midsagittal plane of the patient and the central beam is perpendicular to the film

30
Q

What allows for visualization of soft tissue of the face?

A

a wedge filter during a cephalometric radiograph

31
Q

patient placement in lateral cephalometric projection:

A

film parallel to midsagittal place

32
Q

patient placement in SMV projection:

A

canthomeatal line parallel to film, film is place behind head

33
Q

central beam in lateral cephalometric SMV projection, waters, PA ceph, and reverse town:

A

central beam is perpendicular to film

34
Q

patient placement in Waters projection:

A

canthomeatal line 37 with film

35
Q

patient placement in PA ceph projection:

A

canthomeatal line 10 with film

36
Q

patient placement in Reverse Towne projection:

A

canthomeatal line -30 with film

37
Q

If the patient’s head is rotated the right, which side of the image will be minimized and why?

A

The right side; it became buccal to the focal trough.

38
Q

If the patient’s head is rotated to the right, which side of the image will be maximized and why?

A

The left side; it became lingual to the focal trough

39
Q

Radiation dose of a pano vs. CMS:

A

9-24 vs. 17-388

40
Q

Advantages of using a pano:

A
  1. Less radiation
  2. Can be used on patient with truisms
  3. Can be used on patient who can’t tolerate intraoral radiation
41
Q

When should a pano not be used?

A

To diagnose (small) carious lesions

42
Q

If an object is closer to the source, where is it projected in relation to an object that is not as close to the source?

A

Higher

43
Q

Is vertical dimension an accurate representation of true anatomic relationships?

A

No, because objects closer to the film are projected higher.

44
Q

How are real images formed?

A

The object is between the center of rotation and the receptor

45
Q

How are double images formed?

A

The object is posterior to the center of rotation so it is intercepted twice by the x-ray beam.

46
Q

What are examples of double images?

A
  1. Cervical spine
  2. Hyoid
  3. Epiglottis
47
Q

How are ghost images formed?

A

The object is between the center of rotation and x-ray source.

48
Q

What are examples of ghost images?

A
  1. Cervical spine
  2. Hyoid
  3. Ramus
49
Q

How do ghost images appear?

A

The appear on the opposite side of the true anatomic location at a higher level and magnified.

50
Q

Two problems that can occur during anteroposterior positioning:

A
  1. Magnify

2. Compress

51
Q

How do you prevent anterorposterior positioning errors?

A
  1. Place incisal edge into a notched bite block
  2. Place laser guideline at or near Maxillary canines
  3. Straighten back and spine with extended neck
52
Q

Two problems that can occur during vertical positioning:

A
  1. Exaggerated smile

2. Reverse smile

53
Q

During vertical positioning, what is parallel with the floor?

A

Canthomeatal line

54
Q

During vertical positioning, what is 20-30 degrees below the horizontal plane?

A

Occlusal plane

55
Q

When would you have divergent mandibular rami and a reverse or flat smile?

A

When the patient’s head and chin are tilted upward.

56
Q

When would you have a convergent mandibular rami and an exaggerated smile?

A

When the patient’s head and chin are tilted downward.

57
Q

How do you eliminated the air space on the roof of the mouth in a pano?

A

Have patient place their tongue on the roof of their mouth.

58
Q

Child radiographs (primary dentition):

A

Primary dentition:
New patient: posterior bitewing if you can’t probe inter proximal
High risk for clinical caries: posterior batwings every 6 months until no caries
No clinical caries: posterior bitewing 12-24 months if you can’t see or probe proximal surfaces
Periodontal disease: individualized PA’s +/- bitewings for areas with periodontal disease
Growth and development assessment: N/a

59
Q

Child radiographs (transitional dentition):

A

Transitional dentition:
New patient: individualized posterior BW w/ PA or occlusal or pano
High risk for clinical caries: posterior bitewings every 6 months until no caries
No clinical caries: posterior bitewing 12-24 months
Periodontal disease: individualized PA’s +/- bitewings for areas with periodontal disease
Growth and development assessment: Individualized PA or pano

60
Q

Adolescent:

A

New patient: individualized- posterior BWs + PAs; CMS if patient has dental disease or ext. dental treatment
High risk of clinical caries: posterior bitewings 6-12 months until no caries presents
No clinical caries: posterior batwings every 12-24 months
Periodontal disease: individualized with select PA/s +/- BW in areas of periodontal disease
Growth and development assessment: PA/Pano for 3rd molar

61
Q

Adult:

A

New patient:individualized- posterior BWs + PAs; CMS if patient has dental disease or ext. dental treatment
High risk of clinical caries: posterior bitewings 12-18 months
No clinical caries: posterior bitewings 24-36 month intervals
Periodontal disease: individualized with select PA/s +/- BW in areas of periodontal disease
Growth and development: NA

62
Q

Edentulous adult:

A

New patient: CMS or Pano

Radiology (2 decks)

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