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MSK phys > Radiology - Dykstra > Flashcards

Radiology - Dykstra Flashcards

1
Q

imaging modalities for imaging of the upper extremity

A 
radiographs
ultrasound
CT
MRI
arthrography
nuclear medicine
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2
Q

radiographic density and clinical implication of air

A

black

- is it in normal or abnormal location

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3
Q

radiographic density and clinical implication of fat and water

A

fat (dark gray)/ water (light gray)
blood pus appear as water densitieis
both outline margins of organs
evaluate for additional non organ densitiies

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4
Q

radiographic density and clinical implication of bone

A

WHITE
evalue on every radiograph, CT, MRI
look for mineralized densities including stones

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5
Q

radiographic density and clinical implication of metal

A

BRIGHT WHITE

- foreign bodies, surgical clips

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6
Q

initial exam of chain in patients with history of
trauma
pain-acute or chronic
evaluating for radiopaque foreign body

A

RADIOGRAPH

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7
Q

which two hand boens should be in perfect alignment

A

capitate should be directly on top of lunate!!

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8
Q

this imaging is accessible, technologist dependent and uses no radiation

A

ULTRASOUND

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9
Q 
evaluation of 
rotator cuff and long head biceps tendons
joint fluid
radiolucent foreign bodies-ie wood
palpable abnormalities
vascular structures
A

use ultrasound!!

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10
Q

US can also be used to

A

guide injections for MR or CT arthrograms or to administer steroids

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11
Q 
accessible and fast
axial acquisition
reconstruction
osseous detail
radiation
A

computer tomography!!

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12
Q

CT densities are measured in?

A

hounsefield units

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13
Q 
density of 
water
air
soft tissues
compact bone
A

water - 0
air -1000
soft tissues -100 to +100 with fat below 0
compact bone +3095

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14
Q

CT window level

A

hounsfield unit set to middle gray

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15
Q

CT window width

A

range of gray scale
numbers below width - black
numbers above - white

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16
Q

wide CT window width used for

A

bones

17
Q

narrow CT window width used for

A

soft tissue

18
Q

indications for use of CT

A

complex fractures visualized with XR needing more detail prior to surgery
abnormal XR with questionable fracture
normal XR with suspected fracture
evaluating soft tissues (including rotator cuff tendons) in patients with MRI contraindications

19
Q 
slightly less accessible
slower to perform
all planes
soft tissue contract
high resolution
no radiation
A

MRI

20
Q

indications for MRI of upper extremity

A

suspected soft tissue abnormality: muscular, ligamentous, tendinous e.g. rotator cuff tear, biceps tendon tear

  • suspected fracture with normal radiographs
  • peripheral neuropathy
21
Q

real time imagine
less accessible
radiation
can be used for arthrography procedures or in fracture fixation

A

fluoroscopy

22
Q

indications for upepr extremity arthrography

A

suspected labral pathology

suspected rotator cuff patohlogy with normal or indeterminate MR without intra articular contrast

23
Q

less accessible
radiation
radiopharmaceutical used to evaluate physiologic uptake/ activity
poor anatomic detail

A

nuclear medicine

24
Q

used more for bone scan if metastasis suspected in patient

A

nuclear medicine

25
Q

indications for UE nuclear medicine exam

A

detection of
infection
fractures
metastases

26
Q

ABCS of interpreting radiographs

A

A - anatomy and alignment
B - Bones
C - Cartilage and joints (cant see cartilage radiologically but assume loss upon joint injury)
S - soft tissues and foreign bodies

27
Q 
evaluation of:
achilles tendon
joint fluid
radiolucent foriegn bodies - i.e. wood
palpable abnormalities
vascular structures
A

ultrasound

28
Q

indications for MRI of lower extremity

A

suspected soft tissue abnormality: muscular, ligamentous, tendinous e.g. hamstring tendon tear, trochanteric bursitis

  • suspected fracture with normal radiographs
  • stress fracture
  • peripheral neuropathy
29
Q

indications for lower extremity arthrography

A

suspected acetabular labrum pathology

surgical planning

MSK phys (7 decks)

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