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Radiology DANB > RADIOLOGY DANB > Flashcards

RADIOLOGY DANB Flashcards

1
Q

ALARA

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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2
Q

the positive ion of the x-ray

A

Anode

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3
Q

“the angle” technique” an imaginary line bisects the angle formed by the long axis of the tooth.

A

Bisecting

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4
Q

What cone do you usually use when using the bisecting technique?

A

Short cone

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5
Q

shows upper and lower teeth in occlusion. (used to detect inter proximal caries)

A

bitewing

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6
Q

a negative electrode where electrons are emitted.

A

Cathode

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7
Q

extraoral radiographs to study the face and jaws.

A

Cephalometric

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8
Q

made of a lead diaphragm, limits or restricts the size of exposure, 2.75in.

A

Collimation

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9
Q

shades of gray; increases kVp darkens the radiographs and produces more shades of gray

A

Contrast

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10
Q

darkness of a radiograph

A

Density

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11
Q

What is directly related to mA?

A

Density

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12
Q

a negatively charged particle that travels around the nucleus of an atom.

A

Electrons

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13
Q

length of time that x-rays are produced

A

Exposure Time

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14
Q

a monitoring device a clinician wears to monitor radiographic dosages

A

Film Badge

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15
Q

from film to focal point of anode - 8, 12, and 16 inches most common.

A

Focal Film Distance

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16
Q

removes the unexposed silver halide crystals from the emulsion on the film.

A

Fixer

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17
Q

intensity of the primary beam DECREASES in proportion to the square of the distance from the source.

A

Inverse Square Law

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18
Q

QUALITY = penetrating power of the x-ray beam

A

Kilovolt Peak (kVp)

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19
Q

What is the maximum permissible does that clinicians should recieve?

A

5 REMS/year (0.05 Sv)

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20
Q

QUANTITY = number of x-rays or radiation produced, increasing the mA darkens the radiograph

A

Millamperage

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21
Q

an extraoral radiograph that produces an image of the entire dentition along with the supporting tissues and the lower portion of the facial structures.

A

Panoramic

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22
Q

image that shows the entire tooth from incisal edge to the apex of the root.

A

Periapical

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23
Q

located at the end of the tube head and used to AIM the primary x-ray beam at the film or sensor.

A

PID - position indicating device

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24
Q

the main x-ray beam which records the image on the film or sensor.

A

Primary Radiation

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25
Q

a measurement of radiation that is absorbed

A

RAD- Radiation Absorbed Dose

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26
Q

(black or dark) areas on radiographs of images that are NOT AS DENSE.

A

Radiolucent

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27
Q

Name some radiolucent areas in the oral cavity

A

pulp, sinus chambers, foramens

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28
Q

(white or light) areas of radiographs that ARE MORE DENSE.

A

Radiopaque

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29
Q

Name some radiopaque areas within the oral cavity?

A

Bone, amalgam or composite restorations

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30
Q

a measurement of radiation in man

A

REM - radiation equivalent man

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31
Q

“scatter radiation” = x-ray beams that are deflected everywhere and are harmful

A

Secondary Radiation

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32
Q

energy that comes from high speed electrons

A

X-ray

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33
Q

Who discovered the x-ray?

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

34
Q

Who is thought to have taken the first dental radiograph on a living subject in the U.S.?

A

Dr. Kells

35
Q

Who is the first to expose a prototype of a dental radiograph?

A

Dr. Otto Walkhoff

36
Q

Who is the first to alert the dental field to the dangers of radiation exposure?

A

Dr. Rollins DDS

37
Q

Who introduced the hot cathode tube in 1913?

A

William David Coolidge

38
Q

What are the 2 basic techniques utilized in intraoral radiography

A

Bisecting & Paralleling

39
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

matter

40
Q

the ability to do work and overcome resistance

A

energy

41
Q

the smallest part of an element that still retains the properties of that element

A

atom

42
Q

the chemical combination of 2 or more atoms that forms the smallest particle of a substance and still retains the properties of that substance.

A

Molecule

43
Q

an electrically charged particle, either positive or negative

A

ion

44
Q

a pair of ions, 1 positive & 1 negative

A

ion pair

45
Q

the formation of ion pairs

A

ionization

46
Q

the emission and propagation of energy through space or through a material medium in the form of electromagnetic waves

A

Radiation

47
Q

radiation that is capable of producing ions

A

Ionizing Radiation

48
Q

The process whereby certain elements undergo spontaneous disintegration or decay; this process causes the emission of one or more types of radiation.

A

Radioactivity

49
Q

the alternate form of an element, having the same # of protons but a different # of neutrons within the nucleus

A

Isotope

50
Q

bundles of energy that travel through space at the speed of light

A

Photons

51
Q

the distance between 2 waves from crest (top) to crest

A

Wavelenth

52
Q

how are wavelengths measured ?

A

Angstrom units

53
Q

the number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time

A

Frequency

54
Q

the higher the frequency, the ______ penetrating the radiation

A

more

55
Q

the speed of the wave

A

velocity

56
Q

Long wavelengths = ______ Frequency = ______ Penetrating X-rays

A

Low, Less

57
Q

Short wavelengths= _______ frequency = ________ Penetrating X-rays

A

High, More

58
Q

Name the properties of x-rays

A 
invisible
consist of minute bundles of photons
travel in straight lines
travel at the speed of light
have no mass or weight
have no charge
can penetrate tissues & structures
can affect photographic film
can effect biological tissue
59
Q

radiation that is always present in our environment

A

Background radiation

60
Q

allows movement for positioning the tube head; has a hollow center that holds the electrical wires running from the control panel to the tube head

A

Tubearm/ Extension Arm

61
Q

Attached to the tube arm by means of a yoke; houses the dental x-ray tube and transformers

A

Tube head

62
Q

What is the tube head generally made out of?

A

Aluminum

63
Q

determines the amount of electrons within the hot cathode tube that will available for x-ray production

A

mA

64
Q

mA=

A

quantity

65
Q

kVp=

A

quality

66
Q

determines the speed at which the electrons within the tube are traveling and thus determines the penetrating ability of the x-rays produced

A

Kilovolt peak - kVp

67
Q

How far away must you be fro the area you are exposing?

A

6 feet

68
Q

where is the source of electrons being produced within the x-ray tube?

A

cathode

69
Q

stops the electrons traveling from the cathode and converts their energy into electromagnetic radiation (x-rays)

A

anode

70
Q

cell damage results when ionizing radiation directly hits critical areas within a cell

A

direct theory

71
Q

cell damage results indirectly when x-rays cause the formation of toxins in the cell; toxins in turn cause cell damage

A

indirect theory

72
Q

a substance or tissue that is relatively susceptible to injury by ionizing radiation

A

radiosensitive

73
Q

a substance or tissue that is not easily injured by ionizing radiation

A

radioresistant

74
Q

What cells are the most radiosensitive?

A

bloodcells, reproductive cells, epithelial cells

75
Q

What cell are the least radiosensitive?

A

Muscles cells, brain cells, bone & nerve cells

76
Q

name the 2 main types of cells in the body

A

genetic & somatic

77
Q

the amount of radiation that is sufficient to cause death to an organism

A

lethal dose

78
Q

1 sievert = _________

A

100 Rem

1 girl named Sievert paid $100 to go to the REM concert

79
Q

1 gray = _______

A

100 rads

1Gray purse for $100 because it was so rad

80
Q

restricts the size and shape of the useful beam

A

collimation

81
Q

What is the purpose of the rectangular PID?

A

Reduces patient radiation exposure by up to 70%

Radiology DANB (1 decks)

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