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17 Acute Care > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

preferred imaging studies

A

ct without contrast: trauma, stroke, acute headache, coma

mr without contrast: chronic headache, dementia

mr without contrast: seizure, infection, cancer

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2
Q

facial fractures are commonly caused by ___

A

blunt or penetrating trauma (vehicle accidents, assaults, falls)

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3
Q

types of fractures

A
  • linear (temporal, parietal)
  • depressed (due to direct blow to head)
  • diastatic (widening suture lines in childhood)
  • basilar
  • ping pong (infants)
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4
Q

most common form of traumatic intraaxial injury

A

cerebral contusion

- at inferior and polar surfaces of frontal and temporal lobes

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5
Q

epidural vs subdural hematoma

A

read

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6
Q

radiographic features of hematomas

A 
acute = hyperdense
subacute = hypo/isodense
chronic = hypodense
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7
Q

features of subarachnoid hemorrhage

A
  • ct: hyperdense material in subarachnoid space
  • angiography: to see aneurysms (cta, mra, dsa)
  • tears of subarachnoid vessels
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8
Q

intracerebral hematomas occur in ___

A

within brain tissue and due to severe head injury

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9
Q

causes of stroke

A

infarction: in situ thrombosis (atherosclerosis or embolism)
hemorrhage: hypertension

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10
Q

gold standard imaging for hemorrhage

A

ct

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11
Q

early signs of stroke

A
  • hypoattenuating brain tissue
  • obscuration of lentiform nucleus
  • dense mca sign
  • insular ribbon sign
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12
Q

benefits of mri for stroke

A
  • can contrast hemorrhagic and ischemic

- diffusion weighted imaging: most sensitive sequence for stroke imaging

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13
Q

screening assessment for head injuries

A

read (noncontrast ct)

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14
Q

imaging of choice for cervical spine injuries

A

plain films

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15
Q

lines that should be parallel and aligned

A
  • ant vertebral bodies
  • post vertebral bodies
  • spinolaminar lines
  • spinous process
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16
Q

most common fracture mechanism in cervical injuries

A

hyperflexion

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17
Q

fracture from cervical hyperextension

A

hangman’s fracture

  • best on lateral view
  • fractures through pars intercularis
  • anterior dislocation of the c2 vertebral body
  • prevertebral soft tissue swelling
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18
Q

fracture from axial compression

A

jefferson’s fracture

- axial blow to vertex of head (from diving headfirst)

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19
Q

radiographic features of spinal cord compression

A
  • plain film and ct: not for assessment and cause

- mri: gold standard!! to see spinal canal and contents

20
Q

imaging of choice for thorax

A

cxr

  • rib fractrues
  • pulmonary contusions/ lacerations
  • abnormal collections of air
  • abnormal collections of fluid
21
Q

most common blunt chest injury

A

rib fractures

  • 4-9 most common = pneumothorax and contusion
  • 1 only = facial fractures
  • 1 2 3 = serious trauma, ruptured bronchus
  • 10-12 = lacerated liver/spleen
22
Q

what is flail chest

A

> /=3 contiguous broken ribs in 2 or more places, moves paradoxically with respiration

23
Q

most common pulmonary finding in blunt chest injury

A

pulmonary contusion

24
Q

pulmonary laceration can result in the formation of a ___

A

traumatic lung cyst or traumatic lung hematoma

25
pneumothorax secondary to high intrathoracic pressures from ventilation resulting in rupture of pleural bleb
tension pneumothorax | - midline structures are pulled to contralateral side
26
signs of pneumomediastinum
- spinnaker sail sign: elevation of thymic lobes due to pneumomediastinum - continuous diaphragm sign: entire diaphragm is visualized from one side to the other
27
air appears around heart but does not extend above great vessels
pneumopericardium
28
streaky air over lateral chest wall or neck
subcutaneous emphysema - localized: penetrating injury - diffuse: pulmonary interstitial emphysema
29
abnormal collections of fluid from lungs
- hemothorax | - chylothorax (lymph)
30
abdominal radiology tests
- erect cxr - abdominal x-ray (first line) - us abdomen - ct abdomen
31
imaging for pneumoperitoneum
plain radiograph or ct
32
bowel related signs of pneumoperitoneum
- double wall sign or rigler's sign | - telltale triangle sign
33
peritoneal ligament related signs of pneumoperitoneum
- football sign - falciform ligament sign (silver's sign) - lateral umbilical ligament sign (inverted v) - urachus sign
34
right upper quadrant signs of pneumoperitoneum
- lucent liver sign - hepatic edge sign - ligamentum teres sign - morison's pouch sign - cupola sign
35
most common disorder of the urinary tract
renal/ureteric calculi, mostly calcium oxalate
36
imaging modality for acute cholecystitis
uts
37
findings in acute cholecystitis
- cholelithiasis - gb wall thickening >3-5 mm - pericholecystic fluid - positive murphy sign - gb distention
38
most common cause and imaging for peptic ulcer disease
h pylori infection and nsaid use, uses endoscopy or upper gi series
39
imaging for appendicitis
uts or ct scan
40
signs of diverticulitis
- diverticulosis - pericolonic fat inflammation and inc vascularitis in mesocolon - symmetrical mural thickening - phlegmon formation - free fluid
41
diagnostics for mechanical obstruction
- xray, ct, uts, or mri - normal bowels: small bowel <3 cm, large bowl <6 cm, cecum <9 cm - 80% small bowel obs
42
abnormal aaa findings
- > 3cm abdominal aorta - thrombus within aneurysm - calcification
43
types of fractures
read
44
describing fractures by direction of fracture line
- transverse - oblique - spiral - longitudinal
45
describing fractures by relationship of fragments
- displacement - angulation (a/p, m/l) - shortening - rotation - impaction, depression, compression
46
describing fractures by number of fragments
``` 2 = simple >2 = comminuted ``` uncommon: fatigue, insufficiency, secondary to pre-existing abnormality

17 Acute Care (7 decks)

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