Radiology Flashcards
Is AP or PA view preferred and why
PA view is preferred
with AP view the scapula obscure lungs,
heart shadow magnified so can’t be assessed properly
patient can’t adequately inspire
Instructions to patient in CXR
Brace shoulders forward
Breath in and hold your breath
Why may AP view be used
patient can’t stand (unwell, bed bound)
what can lateral CXR tell us and why is it rarely used
3D structure
rarely used due to CT scan availability
Steps before CXR
Confirm patients name, DOB, CHI
side marker- right way round?
Rotation- medial clavicles equidistant from spinous processes of vertebral bodies
Inspiration- at least 6 anterior ribs visible
Penetration-is there enough radiation
Dextrocardia
congenital abnormality
Heart points to right instead of left
Situs transvertus
congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions
which bronchus is it more likely for object to fall down
Right (straighter, more obtuse angle)
Draw all lung lobes, anterior and posterior
How many lobes per lung
Fissures
RUL, RML, RLL (3 lobes)
LUL, Lingula, LLL (2 lobes)
right- oblique and horizontal fissure
left- oblique fissure only
Presentation and Hx of miliary TB
recent travel
cough, night sweats, malaise
lots of tiny diffuse nodule on CXR
rash on shins
bilateral lymphadenopathy
Sarcoidosis
differences between right and left hila
left hila lies superior to the right
why are bronchi more visible on older patients
calcification
difference between right and left hemidiaphragm
right 1.5cm above left
diaphragm depression
pneumothorax, pleural effusion
diaphragm elevation
sub phrenic collection (blood ect) paralysis of c345
right middle lobe pneumonia appearance
right lower zone consolidation (anteriorly)
loss of right heart border
right hemidiaphragm still visible
Lingular pneumonia appearance
left lower zone consolidation (anteriorly)
loss of left heart border
left hemidiaphragm still visible
cause of lobar collapse
obstruction in lobar bronchus - lobe is no longer ventilated, loss of volume
eg tumours, aspirated food, mucus
Appearance of LLL collapse
anteriorly- triangle on inferomedial left lung along left oblique fissure
(google image)
reduced lung volume
loss of left hemidiaphragm
Appearance of LUL collapse
whole of left lung has veil like opacity
loss of left cardiac border
reduced left lung size
well defined lobar edge on lateral CXR
Appearance of RUL collapse
white RUL
horizontal fissure
loss of right cardiac border
pneumonia of right middle lobe
loss of right hemidiaphragm
pneumonia of right lower lobe
