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OCS Study > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Orthopaedics Defined as:

A

Diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of injuries/diseases of the neuromusculoskeletal system.

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2
Q

Factors that Affect Image Quality (5)

A
  • Thickness of the body part
  • Motion
  • Scatter
  • Magnification
  • Dostortion
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3
Q

Fluoroscopy (definition and uses (7))

A

x-ray examination of patient in real time

  • fracture fixation
  • arthrography
  • myelography
  • diskography
  • biopsy
  • GI evaluation
  • guided injections
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4
Q

A bone scan…

A

is also known as a bone scintigraphy, it reflects increased blood flow and metabolism, and it has high sensitivity and low specificity.

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5
Q

Bone scan primary uses (3)

A
  • Localizing bone tumors
  • Detecting skeletal metastases
  • Early Diagnosis of Stress Fracture
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6
Q

Ultrasoundography primary uses (5)

A
  • Soft tissue pathology, tendon and/or muscle tears
  • Evaluation of fluid retention (hematoma, abscess, foreign body)
  • Defect in articular cartilage
  • Nerve entrapment of inflammation
  • Healing fracture progression
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7
Q

Ultrasoundography limitations (5)

A
  • Limited field of view
  • Operator dependent
  • Doesn’t penetrate bone
  • Doesn’t cross air interface
  • Obese patients do not image well
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8
Q

Computed Tomography primary uses (5)

A
  • Evaluation of loose body in a joint
  • Identification of subtle and/or complex fracture
  • Evaluation of degenerative changes
  • Evaluation of spinal stenosis
  • Accurate measurement of osseous alignment
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9
Q

Computed Tomography disadvantages (2)

A
  • High radiation dose compared to normal x-ray

- Less soft tissue contrast compared to MRI

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10
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging disadvantages (4)

A
  • Poor with imaging bone
  • Expensive
  • Time consuming
  • Possible issue with claustrophobic patients
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11
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging contraindications (6)

A
  • Pacemakers
  • Aneurysmal clips
  • Metal or foreign bodies in the eye
  • Hardware
  • Large area tattoos
  • Cochlear implants
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12
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging visualization (3)

A
  • T1: best demonstrate anatomic structure
  • T2: most helpful in contrasting normal and abnormal tissue
  • Water, CSF, acute hemorrhage, and soft tissue tumors appear dark on T1, and bright on T2
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13
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging uses (7)

A
  • Osteonecrosis (most sensitive method)
  • Infection and trauma
  • Occult fractures
  • Neoplasms
  • Disc disease and herniation
  • Bone marrow changes
  • ACL, PCL, labral, and RC pathology
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14
Q

Advantages of CT Over MRI (7)

A
  • Less expensive
  • Greater availability
  • Faster image times
  • Less operator time involved
  • Thinner slices
  • Greater resolution power for cortical bone
  • Easier imaging for patients with metal implants
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15
Q

C-Spine Plain Films include:

A
  • Lateral
  • AP
  • Odontoid
  • Oblique (fracture/dislocation must be ruled out prior)
  • Swimmer’s View
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16
Q

Shoulder and Humerus

A
  • AP views with IR and ER
  • Y-view (for suspected shoulder dislocation or scapular fractures)
  • Axillary view
17
Q

US cannot…

A

…accurately evaluate the labral-ligamentous complex and other deep shoulder structures

18
Q

MRI Arthrography is…

A

…MRI following the intra-articular injection of a dilute contrast agent (gadolinium)

19
Q

CT Arthrography has poor accuracy for…

A

…detection of partial thickness rotator cuff tears

20
Q

Clavicle Fractures Classes (3)

A
  • Class A (middle third and most common)
  • Class B (distal or lateral third)
    • Type 1: nondisplaced
    • Type 2: displaced
    • Type 3: articular surface involving the AC joint
  • Class C (medial third)
21
Q

Quebec Decision Rule for Radiography in Shoulder Dislocation (3)

A
  • Aged 40 years or older and humeral ecchymosis
  • Aged 40 years or older and first episode of dislocation
  • Younger than 40 years and injury mechanism other than a fall from standing height or an atraumatic injury

Yes? Order pre-reduction imaging

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