Radiology Flashcards
what are the five densitiies in radiology
Air Fat Soft tissue/Water Calcification Metal
consolidation
filling of alveoli with junk
An exudate or other product of disease that replaces alveolar air, rendering the lung as solid.” A type of opacity Air bronchograms Advances to a fissure Like a cloud or cotton-ball
interstitial: reticulation and nodular
holding up the bronchial tree
CT throughout the lung
atelectasis
volume loss within the alveoli
“Reduced inflation of all or part of the lung”
Decreased lung volume with focal increased opacity
what is opacity
“Any area that preferentially attenuates the x-ray beam and therefore appears more opaque than the surrounding area”
An area that is more white
what are the three subdivisions of the interstitial
Bronchovascular
Parenchymal (intralobular)
Subpleural
what are nodules and mass
Rounded opacities measuring up to 3 cm and greater than 3 cm, respectively.
what is the silhouette sign
?
how do you read a chest x-ray
Be systematic
Judge the setting
Must know: Indication Specific study Comparison films Adequacy of technique
Must do:
Describe findings
Give Summary to include DDx and best Dx
Disposition
what is the CXR anatomy frontal
trachea
right paratracheal strip
-thin border between the trachea
Carina
left mainstem bronchus
-more horizontal than right mainstem bronchus
why is the right paratracheal stripe important
site where adenopathy likes to occur/collect and thickens the line
what is the normal anatomy on the CXR lateral
trachea
right upper lobe bronchus
carina
left mainstem bronchus
what are the structures of the mediastinum we can identify on the left ?
on the right?
Left “3 Moguls”:
Aortic Arch
MPA (main pulmonary artery)
Left Ventricle
Right
SVC
Hilum
Right Atrium
what does the azygoesophageal recess indicate
if it is bulging out
hiatal hernia
what are the cxr anatomy frontally of the mediastinum
Lines/Stripes
Junctional Lines
Azygoesophageal Recess
what are the CXR anatomy laterally of the mediastinum
Windows: retro - behind
Retrosternal
Retrotracheal
Retrocardiac
Vessels:
Aorta
Left Pulmonary Artery
IVC
Heart:
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
what are the bones you can see in the CXR frontal view
Spine
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Ribs
Anterior
Posterior
Clavicles
Scapula
Humerus
what are the bones you can see in the CXR lateral view
Bones Spine Cervical Thoracic Lumbar
Ribs
Sternum
Scapula
Humerus
what can you see on the right lung in the frontal view
3 Lobes RUL RML RLL Horizontal Fissure Oblique Fissure
what can you see on the left lung in the frontal view
2 Lobes
LUL
LLL
Oblique Fissure
Costophrenic Angles
what are the advantages of CT
Fantastic detail in multiple planes
Sensitive for early disease
what are the disadvantages of the CT
Higher radiation dose
More expensive
Find a lot of things that are not important
