Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 8 > radiology > Flashcards

radiology Flashcards

(108 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how do most common pathologies appear radiographically?

A

radiolucent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why are most pathologies radiolucent

A

resorption of bone
decreased mineralisation of bone
decreased thickness of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a cyst

A

a pathological cavity having fluid, semi-fluid or gaseous contetns & which is not created by the accumulation of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the most common pathological radiolucency

A

jaw cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 2 types of odontogenic cysts

A

developmental
inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name 3 developemental odontogenic cysts

A

dentigerous
keratocyst
lateral periodontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name 2 inflammatory odontogenic cysts

A

radicular
inflammatory collateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name 2 inflammatory collateral cysts

A

paradental
buccal bifurcation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name 2 non-odontogenic bone cysts

A

solitary
aneurysmal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the first step in differential diagnosis of any lesion?

A

is it:
anatomical
artefactual
pathological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how are radiolucencies described

A

site
size
shape
margins
internal structure
effect on adjacent anatomy
number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is site describes?

A

where is it? - alveolar bone, basal bone etc
is there a notable relationship with another structure?
what is its position relative to particular structures?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if a lesion if below the inferior alveolar canal is it likely to be odontogenic?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if a lesion is entirely above the maxillary sinus floor is it likely to be odontogenic

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is size measured and desribed

A

dimensions - mesio-distally and supero-inferiorly
boundaries - which teeth etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how can more accurate size of lesion be determined

A

CBCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how are margins of lesions described

A

well-defined & corticated or non-corticated
poorly defined and blending into adjacent normal anatomy or ragged or moth eaten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does a corticated lesion indicate

A

benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does a moth eaten lesion indicate

A

malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is internal structure of lesions described

A

entirely radiolucent
radiolucent with some internal radiopacity
radiopaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how do you desribe internal radiopacities

A

amount - scant, multiple, dispersed
bony septae - thin/coarse, prominent/faint, straight/curved
particular structure - enamel and dentine radiodensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

give 8 potential causes of periapical radiolucency

A

periapical granuloma
periapical abscess
radicular cyst
perio-endo lesion
cemento-osseous dysplasia
surgical defect
fibrous healing defect
ameloblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

name 8 cysts and pathologies causing cyst-like radiolucencies

A

radicular cyst
dentigerous cyst
inflammatory collateral cyst
odontogenic keratocyst
ameloblastoma
nasopalatine duct cyst
solitary bone cyst
stafne cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the most common pathological radiolucency in jaw bones

A

radicular cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is a radicular cyst ALWAYS associated with
non-vital tooth
26
describe the formation of radicular cyst
pulpal necrosis - periapical periodontitis - periapical granuloma - radiculuar cyst
27
when would cysts be painful
when they becoome infected
28
what is the difference between radicular cysts and periapical granulomas
radicular cysts bigger >15mm 66% radicular
29
what is a residual cyst
when radicular cyst persists after loss of tooth (or after tooth is successfully RCTd)
30
what is a lateral radicular cyst
radicular cyst associated with an accessory canal
31
what causes dentigerous cysts
cystic change of dental follicle
32
what teeth are most associated with dentigerous cysts
lower 8s, upper 3s
33
when are dentigerous cysts most common (age)
2nd-4th decade
34
when would you consider dentigerous cysts rather than enlarged follicle
consider if follicular space is >5mm assume cyst if >10mm or asymmetrical
35
what are inflammatory collateral cysts associated with
vital teeth
36
where do buccal bifurcation cysts occur
buccal aspect of lower 6s
37
where do paradental cysts occur
distal aspect of partially erupted lower 8s
38
what is basal cell naevus syndrome
multiple odontogenic keratocysts multiple basal cell carcinomas
39
what is basal cell naevus also known as
gorlin-goltz syndrome
40
what is ameloblastoma
benign epithelial odontogenic tumour
41
what are most ameloblasotmas radiographically
multicystic - 85-90%
42
what are the 3 main histological types of ameloblastoma
follicular plexiform desmoplastic
43
what is odontogenic myxoma
benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumour
44
do odontogenic myxoma have high recurrence rate?
yea
45
how do odontogenic myxomas present radiographically
premolar/molar region mandible multilocular and scalloped soap bubble appearance
46
where do nasopalatine duct cysts arise from
nasopalatine duct epithelial remnants
47
what would a pt notice with nasopalatine duct cyst
salty taste
48
whats another name for nasopalatine duct cyts
incisive canal cyst
49
where are nasopalatine duct cysts always founf
anterior maxilla in midline
50
how are nasopalatine duct cysts usually descirbed from radiographs
unilocular, rounded and symmetrical
51
what are 3 types of solitary bone cyst
simple traumatic haemorrhagc
52
where are solitary bone cysts normally found
posterior mandible
53
what is a stafne cavity
depression in the bone - cortical bone preserved
54
what does a stafne defect contain
salivary or fatty tissue
55
where are stafne defect normally found
mandible - often body but can be ramus
56
what is the radiographic appearance of stafne defects
unilocular rounded well defined and corticated
57
what can happen radiographically to infceted cysts
can lose their well-defined, corticated margins can mimic maliganancy
58
what are clinical features of secondary infection
pain soft-tissue swelling/redness/hotness purulent exudate
59
what are clinical signs and symptoms for malignancy in oral cavity
non healing socket non healing ulcer unusually mobile tooth swelling/exophytic mass lymphadenopathy pain/numbness
60
what are non clincial signs of malignancy
weight loss night sweats problems moving tongue dysphagia dysphonia loss of hearing pathological fractuer
61
what are radiographic signs of malignancy
moth eaten bone non healing sockets floating teeth unusual perio bone loss
62
is a slow growing lesion more likely to be malignant or benign
benign
63
what may lack of cortification represent?
healing lesion superimposed infection
64
what is a bad prognostic sign radiographically?
moth eaten radiolucent bone with no margin
65
what is the difference between benign and malignant effects on other structures
benign - displace structures malignant - destroy structures
66
What effect do malignancies have on teeth?
Spiking root resorption Widening of PDL space Generalised loss of lamina dura
67
What are risk factors for osteosarcoma?
FD Retinoblastoma Previous radiation Previous primary bone cancer Paget’s disease Chronic osteomyelitis
68
What is multiple myeloma
Multi focal proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow leading to over-production of immunoglobulins
69
What would a solitary multiple myeloma lesion be called
Plasmocytoma
70
What are radiographic features of multiple myeloma
Round/unilocular Radiolucency Punched out Well-defined, not corticated Pathological # if large
71
How can lymphoma present
Soft tissue lump
72
What is langerhans histocytosis
Proliferation of langerhans cells and eosinophilic leukocytes
73
What are the 3 manifestations of langerhans histocytosis
Eosinophilic granuloma Hand-Schuller-Christian disease (mulitfocal eosiniophilic granulomas Letterer-siwe disease
74
What is the radiographic appearance of langerhans histocytosis
Unilocular Radiolucent Punched out Smooth outline Floating teeth No expansion
75
What cancers metastasis to bone
Lung Prostate Breast Kidney Thyroid
76
What are 3 differential dx fro malignancy when there’s moth eaten bone
Osteomyelitis Osteoradionecrosis MRONJ
77
Name 5 types of imaging for TMJ
Plain film CBCT Computed tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Nuclear medicine
78
Name 4 plain film ways to image TMJ
Panoramic radiography PA mandible Reverse Townes Lateral Oblique
79
When would DPT be indicated for TMJ assessment
Recent trauma Change in occlusion Mandibular shift Sensory/motor alterations Change in range of movement
80
What is CBCT best used for
Degenerative bone disease
81
What can CT visualise
Soft tissue and bone
82
How is TMJ disc assessed with MRI
Open and closed views Check 2 separate views for position of disc (coronal and parasagittal view along long axis of condyle)
83
What is nuclear medicine name
SPECT - single photon emission CT
84
What is used in SPECT
Injection of IV technetium 99-meta stable (radio-isotope)
85
What is SPECT used for
Condylar hyperplasia
86
What do we imagine salivary glands for
Obstruction Dry mouth Swelling
87
Name 3 salivary gland obstructions
Mucous plugs Salivary stones Neoplasia
88
What imaging modalities can be used for salivary glands
Plain film Ultrasound Sialography (injection of iodinated contrast) MRI Nuclear medicine
89
What plain films can be used for salivary glands
Lower true occlusal OPT Lateral oblique
90
Why are true laterals and PA mandibles not used for salivary glands
Superimposition of anatomical structures
91
What other calcifications could be mistaken for sialoliths
Tonsilloliths (tonsil stones) Phleboliths Calcified plaques (atheromas) in carotid artery Normal anatomy (hyoid) Elongated/calcified stylohyoid ligament Calcified lymph nodes
92
What is ultrasound
No ionising radiation High frequency sound waves - cannot be heard audibly Sound waves have short wave length which are not transmittable through air
93
How does ultrasound work
Sound waves enter body and reflect back to transducer when boundaries between different tissues are met e.grounders betweeen muscles and Salivary gland
94
What does hypoechoic mean
Dark
95
What is hyperechoic
Bright
96
Why is ultrasound good for salivary glands
Glands are superficially positioned Can assess parenchymal pattern, vascularity, ductal dilatation or neoplastic masses Can give a sialogogue to aid saliva flow to allow better visualisation of dialated ducts
97
What are the symptoms of obstructive disease
Prandial pain and swelling Bad taste Thick saliva Dry mouth
98
What % of sialoliths are submandibular
80%
99
What is sialography
Injection of iodinated radiographic contrast into salivary duct to look for obstruction Done worth either DPT, rotated PA mandible + lateral oblique, or Fluoroscopic approach
100
How many ml contrast is injected for sialography
0.8-1.5ml
101
What are the indications for sialography
Looking for obstruction or stricture of salivary ducts which could be leading to prandial symptoms Planning for access for interventional procedures (basket retrieval, ballon dilation)
102
What are the risks of sialography
Discomfort Swelling Infection Any stone could move Allergy to contrast
103
What are the 3 phases of sialography
Pre-contrast Contrast/filling phase Emptying phase
104
What is the pre-contrast phase used for in sialography
Excuse other pathology which could account for symptoms e.g. odontogenic pathology Use as a base line
105
What are the normal findings in sialography
Parotid - tree in winter Submandibular - bush in winter Acinar changes - snow storm appearance
106
When should images be taken for sialography
Contrast phase with cannula in place Emptying phase with time delay
107
What is used as an alternative to sialography if the patient has an iodine allergy
MRI sialography Heavy T2W scan - gets rid of all tissues apart from fluid.
108
What are the 4 selection criteria for stone removal
1. stone must be mobile 2. stone should be located within the lumen on main duct distal to posterior border of mylohyoid (SMG) 3. Stone should be distal to hilum or at anterior border of the gland (parotid) 4. Duct should be patent and wide to allow passage of the stone

Module 8 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions