Radiology Flashcards
aim of taking a radiograph
- to identify presence or absence of disease/abnormality
- to provide information on the nature and extent of the disease/abnormality
to enable the formation of a differential diagnosis - to aid treatment planning
common intraoral radiographic views
IOPA bitewing occlusal view
common extraoral radiographic views
OPT lateral ceph other maxillofacial radiographs
IOPA overview
intraoral technique designed to show and give detailed information on individual teeth and the tissues around the apices
IOPA indications
- apical pathology
- periodontitis assessment
- unerupted teeth
- root morphology
- endo
- apical surgery
- implants
- bone pathology
IOPA advantages
low radiation and good quality imaging
IOPA disadvantages
increased cross infection risk, some patients can’t tolerate, positioning inaccuracies, limited view
IOPA normal anatomy
- periodontal ligament space
- lamina dura
- cancellous bone
- inter maxillary suture
- nasopalatine foramen
- nose
floor of nasal cavity
nasolabial fold - maxillary sinus
- zygomatic arch
- genial tubercles
- mental formamen
- inferior alveolar canal
bitewing overview
designed to show crowns of premolar and molar teeth on one side of the jaw
bitewing indications
- detection of dental caries
- monitoring progression of caries
- assessment of existing restorations
assessment of periodontal status
occlusal view definition
intraoral technique using film or cassette placed in the occlusal plane which can be mandibular or maxillary
types of maxillary occlusal
- upper anterior
- upper oblique
- vertex
maxillary occlusal degree range
65-70 degs
types of mandibular occlusal
- lower 90degs
- lower 45degs
- lower oblique
upper standard occlusal indications
- periodical assessment
- detection of supernumeraries, unerupted canines and odontomes
- pathology anterior maxillary area
- midline view for parallax
- trauma of teeth and alveolus (kiddies)
upper oblique occlusal indications
- periodical assessment of upper posterior teeth
- evaluation of cysts other pathology posterior maxilla
- position of roots displaced into antrum
- fractures posterior teeth/bone including tuberosity
- antra pathology
lower anterior 90degs occlusal main indications
- detection of submandibular duct calculi
- bucco/lingual position of unerupted mandibular teeth
- bucco/lingial expansion of the mandible by cysts and tumours
- assessment of fracture displacement in the horizontal plane
lower anterior 45degs main indications
- periodical assessment of lower incisor teeth
- evaluation of extent of cysts and tumours in the anterior part of the mandible
- assessment of fracture displacement in the vertical plane
lower oblique occlusal main indications
- detection of calculi in posterior submandibular duct or gland
- bucco/lingual position of lower third molars
- bucco/lingual extent/expansion of the mandible by cysts and tumours posterior part and angle of mandible
- assessment of fracture displacement in the horizontal plane
OPT advantages
- shows all teeth and supporting structures on one film
- relatively simple technique
- low radiation dose (3/4 IOPAs)
OPT indications
- pathology of jaws
- fractured mandible
- antra disease
- wisdom teeth assessment
- periodontal status
- orthodontic assessment
- assessment of TMJ
- assessment for implants
