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Radiology physics computers and digitL > Radioigic Physics computerized radiography > Flashcards

Radioigic Physics computerized radiography Flashcards

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0
Q

contrast on a radiographic image is highest when the amount of______is
the lowest

A

Compton scatter

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1
Q

____is the degree of difference in optical density between areas of an image

A

Contrast

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2
Q

Which of the following is used in computerized radiography?

A

Photostimulable phosphor plate

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3
Q

Computed radiography’s Photostimulable plates are considered 200 speed systems. What adjustment is recommended when changing from a 400 speed film-screen system?

A

Increase the kyp by 15%

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4
Q

What might cause small white specks on a digital image?

A

Dirty imaging plate

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5
Q

When referring to digital imaging, what does the term digital mean?

A

Using numbers to generate images

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6
Q

A typical digital radiograph contains…………megabytes of information

A

7.5

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7
Q

Which of the following are advantages of digital imaging systems over film screen systems.

1) Increased dynamic range
2) higher spatial resolution
3) More contrast resolution

A

1 and 3 only

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8
Q

The quality of a digital image depends on which of the following?

1) Spatial resolution
2) Brightness
3) Contrast

A

1,2, and 3.

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9
Q

What does it mean to direct capture a digital image?

A

The x-ray image is captured directly by a detector array

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10
Q

Which of the following terms is used to describe long-term storage of digital images and documents

A

Archive

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11
Q

What is the binary code?

A

Language of computer

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12
Q

A bit is a single unit of

A

Data, or a single binary digit

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13
Q

1 byte =

A

8 bits and represents one character or digit.

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14
Q

What does CPU stand for?

A

Central processing unit

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15
Q

A graphic distribution of the frequency and value of the numbers obtained while a digital image recptor is being read is called a

A

histogram

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16
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random access memory( used for short term storage) temporary

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17
Q

What are the types of monitors?

A

Cathode ray tube, LCD, plasma, and LED

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18
Q

What does CRT stand for ?

A

Cathode ray tube

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19
Q

The base of the phosphor layer contains

A

Barium Fluoro Halide coated with europium / the activator is europium

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20
Q

What does ROM stand for?

A

Read only memory

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21
Q

With all other factors constant, as a digital image’s matrix size increases:

A
  1. pixel size decreases

2. resolution increases

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22
Q

Which of the following image matrix sizes will provide the best spatial resolution?

A

2048 x 2048 (the bigger the better LOL)

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23
Q

What transforms the violet light emiited by the PSP into the image seen on the CRT?

A

The ADC

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24
Q

What portion of the CR cassette records the radiologic image?

A

The photostimulable phospor

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25
Q

Which of the following temporarily stores data in the computer?

A

Random access memory RAM

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26
Q

What does the acronym R.A.I.D stand for?

A

Redundant array of independent disks

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27
Q

Which of the following is not an I/O device employed in digital imaging?

A

CPU

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28
Q

Which of the following does not fit with the others?

Application software
Compiler software
Operating system software
Assembler software

A

Application software

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29
Q

What does it mean to direct capture a digital image?

A

All the digital data is sent directly from the modality to PACS

30
Q

Which of the following modalities is not directly captured by PACS?

A

Digital Fluoroscopy

31
Q

Which of the following types of film digitizers uses a photomultiplier tube to detect the transmitted light ?

A

Laser- based

32
Q

What is a binary number system?

A

Language of 0’s and 1’s

33
Q

What is the difference between a bit and a byte ?

A

A bit is a single unit of data while a byte is made up if 8 bits, which can store one character.

34
Q

What is tele radiology

A

Transfer of images and patient reports to remote sites

35
Q

What is an imaging plate?

A

PSP film screen cassette, images formed by interaction of X-rays , stores latent image

36
Q

What chemical is used as the PSP on an imaging plate?

A

Barium Fluoro halide coated with europium

37
Q

What is prompt emission?

A

Approx. 50% of electrons return to their ground state immediately, & when they return light is emitted

38
Q

What are 2 causes of Moire artifact

A

Frequency Harmonics and laser lines being parallel to grid lines

39
Q

Insufficient……results in unattentuated radiation striking the imaging plate

A

collimaton

40
Q

An over exposed image is caused by

A

Decreased contrast

41
Q

Electronic memory artifact is caused by

A

Rapid exposures

42
Q

CCD is a silicon based

A

Semiconductor

43
Q

The basic photometric unit is

A

Lumen

44
Q

A …….wavelength of laser gives better resolution

A

Longer

45
Q

A …….diameter laser produce images with better spatial resolution

A

Small beam

46
Q

…….and …….are the process of analog to digital conversion

A

Sampling and quantization

47
Q

A 12 bit CR image has …..gray levels

A

4096

48
Q

The ability of the CCD to respond to a wide range of light intensity, from very dim to very bright

A

Dynamic range

49
Q

Spatial resolution in DR is …..limited

A

Pixel

50
Q

Pixel size determines

A

Spatial resolution

51
Q

What is TFT? What is it’s function?

A

Thin film transistor, to store electric signal

52
Q

A typical radiograph contains ……. Megabytes of information

A

7.5

53
Q

What does it mean to direct capture a digital image?

A

The xray image is captured directly by a detector Array

54
Q

Which of the following layers of a CR imaging plate absorbs light and reduces static?

A

Conductive layer

55
Q

The protective layer protects

A

Phosphor

56
Q

When referring to digital imaging what does the term digital mean?

A

Using numbers to compute images

57
Q

Computers operate using a binary machine language. This language uses binary digits to compute data. A binary digit is referred to as what?

A

Bit

58
Q

How small of an object that can be recorded, it’s accuracy and clarity defines which of the following ?

A

Spatial resolution

59
Q

When using computed radiography, how can the radiographer know what radiation dose was received by the photostimulable phosphor plate?

A

Exposure indicator number

60
Q

Which of the following is a measure of how efficiently x rays are captured by a flat-panel detector and converted to digital data?

A

Detective quantum efficiency (DQE)

61
Q

A hospitals plan to periodically backup archived files is known as what?

A

Disaster recovery plan

62
Q

Which of the following systems captures the xray image convers it to light, and then releases electrons to be stored as a latent image ?

A

Indirect digital imaging

63
Q

Spatial resolution in digital imaging is determined by which of the following ?

A

Matrix size and size of the field view

64
Q

The CPU contains which of the following?

A

A Control unit

65
Q

Which of the following materials is used in a flat panel detector to convert x-ray photons into an electrical charge?

A

Amorphous selenium

66
Q

Which of the following determines the gray scale in a digital image?

A

Look-up table

67
Q

How long can the latent image remain “stored” in the phosphor layer of a photostimulable phosphor plate?

A

24 hours

68
Q

Luminance refers to the brightness of the light emitted from an image display monitor. What are the SI units for luminance?

A

Candela per square meter

69
Q

Window width controls

A

Contrast

70
Q

Window level controls

A

Brightness, density

71
Q

A magnifying glass can be used to evaluate which of the following monitor qualities?

A

Spatial resolution

72
Q

Detector fog is also referred to as:

A

Dark noise

Radiology physics computers and digitL (1 decks)

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