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CQR flashcards: Radiography > Radiography: Radiation Protection > Flashcards

Radiography: Radiation Protection Flashcards

1
Q

Measurement of radiation exposure from X-rays, gamma rays, or other types of radiation used in the treatment or detection of diseases, including cancer, is called _____________________ .

A

**dosimetry **

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2
Q

Increasing the kVp of an X-ray beam will result in the photons having shorter or longer wavelengths?

A

Shorter

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3
Q

An optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry measuring device uses what substance as a detector?

A

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)

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4
Q

What are the 3 classic acute radiation syndromes?

A

Hematopoietic syndrome (also called bone marrow syndrome), gastrointestinal syndrome, and cerebrovascular syndrome

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5
Q

What are the 4 stages of acute radiation syndromes?

A

The prodromal stage (N-V-D stage), the latent stage, the manifest illness stage, and the recovery or death stage

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6
Q

What term denotes the shedding of the outer-most layer of skin due to high radiation exposure?

A

Desquamation

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7
Q

During which gestational trimester of development is a fetus most radiosensitive?

A

**The first trimester **

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8
Q

_________________ is the restriction of the useful X-ray beam to the anatomy being imaged, thereby sparing adjacent tissue from unnecessary radiation exposure.

A

**Collimation **

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9
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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10
Q

The effective dose to biologic material is expressed using what unit of measure?

A

**Sievert (Sv) **

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11
Q

The absorbed dose is expressed using what unit of measure?

A

Gray (Gy)

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12
Q

Does bone, muscle, or fat have the highest effective atomic number?

A

Bone

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13
Q

What are the 3 cardinal principles of radiation protection?

A

**Time, distance, and shielding **

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14
Q

Federal law requires at least __________________ total filtration for general-purpose X-ray tubes that operate above 70 kVp.

A

2.5 mm of aluminum equivalent

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15
Q

The percentage of time when an X-ray beam is on and directed toward a protective barrier is called the _________________.

A

**use factor **

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16
Q

Thermoluminescence dosimeters use what substance for radiation detection?

A

**Lithium fluoride **

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17
Q

What type of secondary radiation protection is not always included as part of a typical lead apron and can decrease the amount of effective dose by 2.5-fold, with almost a 50% reduction in total exposure?

A

**The thyroid shield **

18
Q

_____________________ measures radiation exposure from natural background radiation sources during the monitoring period and any incidental exposure that may occur during shipment or storage.

A

A control dosimeter

19
Q

. In fluoroscopy, what feature is used to maintain a consistent overall appearance of the image by automatically adjusting the kVp and/or mAs?

A

Automatic brightness control

20
Q

What are the main goals for using magnification mode in fluoroscopy?

A

To provide better spatial resolution and contrast resolution

21
Q

What components of a fluoroscopic imaging system serve as the primary protective barrier?

A

The image receptor assembly

22
Q

What type of radiation detectors are gas-filled?

A

Ion chambers and Geiger-Muller counters

23
Q

Substances or anatomy with higher atomic numbers have higher or lower attenuation values?

A

Higher

24
Q

Structures or anatomy with a low attenuation value that appear dark or black on a radiograph are considered to be _________________________ .

A

Radiolucent

25
Q

What is the equivalent dose of most diagnostic radiographic procedures?

A

Less than 0.01 Sv

26
Q

For occupational radiation dose exposure, equivalent annual dose limits for the lens of the eye are ______________ .

A

**150 mSv **

27
Q

What is the annual occupational effective dose limit?

A

**50 mSv **

28
Q

What is typically used to line the X-ray image intensifier/tube housing that protects RTs and patients from radiation leakage?

A

Lead

29
Q

Why must RTs using mobile radiographic equipment wear protective aprons?

A

Because there is no protective barrier included in the construction of mobile radiography equipment

30
Q

In situations where an RT must hold a patient upright for mobile radiography, the RT should stand in what position?

A

At right angles or 90° to the scattering object

31
Q

Fluoroscopic mAs must not exceed ___________________

A

5 mAs

32
Q

What is the dose limit for RTs who have formally declared their pregnancy to their employer?

A

0.5 mSv per month

33
Q

Protective lead aprons, gloves, and other protective equipment should be inspected how frequently for cracks and other defects?

A

Yearly

34
Q

Where is a dose area product meter generally located in imaging equipment?

A

**In the collimator assembly **

35
Q

Which type of shielding is suspended in the area of the collimator positioning light?

A

**The shadow shield **

36
Q

The disease with the shortest latent period as a result of radiation exposure is ____________

A

**leukemia **

37
Q

What are the 2 time periods associated with acute radiation lethality?

A

The prodromal period and the latent period

38
Q

What dose-reduction feature allows fluoroscopic imaging to be paused or stopped in order to retain a snapshot of the image displayed on the monitor?

A

**The last image hold/save grab feature **

39
Q

What type of radiation barriers are the imaging control booth walls and windows considered to be?

A

Secondary barriers

40
Q

The minimum source-to-skin distance for a stationary fluoroscopy unit is ____________ .

A

38 cm or 15 inches

41
Q

What thicknesses of lead barriers must be used for primary and secondary radiation barriers?

A

Primary barriers must have 1/16th inch of lead protection and secondary barriers must have 1/32nd inch of lead protection

42
Q

A fluoroscopic Bucky slot cover/shielding device protects what general area of the body?

A

The gonad level/area

CQR flashcards: Radiography (12 decks)

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