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radiography > radiography mid term > Flashcards

radiography mid term Flashcards

1
Q

Egypt

A

-studied the sick, probed wounds, took pulses, studied specimens
-public health issues important personal hygiene
-brain thought to be useless and the heart is the most important

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2
Q

India

A

-believed in eternal cycle of life
-skilled in surgery performed c sections, skin grafts and plastic surgery of nose
-understood something about circulation, and drugs for anesthesia

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3
Q

China

A

Focus on prevention - cure the spirit, nourish the body, treated the whole body, gave medication, used exercise , physical therapy and massage, acupuncture

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4
Q

Greece

A

-scientific thought to medical theory, studied the patient and not the disease
-magic and spells, the brain was considered the seat of the senses; disease primarily disturbance in the four elements (fire, air, water, earth)
-birthed Hippocrates (father of medicine)

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5
Q

Hippocrates

A

-respect patient confidentiality
-study the patient not the disease
-evaluate honestly
-do not harm others
-share knowledge and skill
-be pure

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6
Q

Christianity

A

religious influence
found institutions for the needy

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7
Q

17th Century

A

-advances in the understanding of anatomy
-circulation of blood
-lymphatic system

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8
Q

18th Century

A

-efforts to adapt to scientific investigation
-obstetrics established as a branch of medicine
-blood pressure studied
-homeopathy small doses of drugs

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9
Q

19th Century

A

-advances in diagnoses and treatment
-many diseases identified
-stethoscope discovered
-anesthesia
-xray

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10
Q

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

A

discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895 accidentally

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11
Q

thomas edison

A

developed the fluoroscopic screen while looking for marketing x-ray applications

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12
Q

Clarence Dally

A

Thomas Edison’s Assistant. First casualty of man-made radiation.

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13
Q

William Crookes

A

invented the glass “crookes” tube, used today

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14
Q

Arthur Willis Goodspeed

A

produced early images in 1890 but failed to recognize the significance of them

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15
Q

Ed Jerman

A

developed first educational program for all operators of x-ray equipment and helped to organize the first professional society that is still in force today, the ASRT (american society of radiologic technology)

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16
Q

Emile Grubbe

A

Developed the first therapeutic application of radiation

17
Q

first to treat breast cancer with radiation

A

Emile Grubbe

18
Q

X-ray tube

A

an evacuated glass bulb with positive (anode) and negative (cathode) electrodes

19
Q

Cathode

A

Negative side of the tube. filament that gives off electrons when heated

20
Q

Anode

A

positive side of the tube. electrons will migrate to an area of the anode (focal spot) and anode will suddenly stop

21
Q

Properties of X-rays

A

-highly penetrating
-invisible
-electrically neutral
-travel in straight lines
-have no mass
-cannot be focused by a lens
-can be produced in a range of energies
-forms a polyenergetic beam (heterogenous)
-can penetrate the human body
-can damage living tissue

22
Q

incident (also primary radiation)

A

radiation that comes from the x ray tube and exposes the patient
-it is called the useful beam

23
Q

World Health Organization

A

specialized agency sponsored by the united nations whose concern of improvements in public health internationally. some of the areas of attention are quarantine measures for outbreaks, control of epidemics that may occur and standardized drugs.

24
Q

Leakage radiation

A

The radiation comes out in all directions from the tube or tube head due to malfunction or leakage. physicists come annually to insure this is not happening

25
Q

remnant radiation (also exit radiation)

A

-x rays that go through the patient
-non diagnostic radiation
-this radiation can interact with the body as it goes through but has no importance in diagnostic quality.

26
Q

Scatter radiation

A

radiation that bounces off the patient and scatters in all directions. scatter happens with every image a radiographer takes

27
Q

what happens if scatter radiation reaches the image receptor?

A

it will produce a fog appearance. This is detrimental to the image quality; will have to repeat the image.

28
Q

attenuation

A

-absorption of the x rays by the patient
-bone absorbs more than the heart and the lungs
-depends on patient factors, body habitus and technical factors set by the radiographer

29
Q

fluoroscopy

A

-provides a live action of the interior of the body
-this source of radiation comes from the patient
-body lead and thyroid shields MUST be worn at all times by the radiographer and the radiologist
-thyroid is very sensitive to radiation
used in main department and the operating room

30
Q

Tungsten

A

Has a high melting point, can withstand high head produced

31
Q

stationary anode

A

used in dental and low use settings
Benefits: inexpensive, easy to repair
Downside: anode melts, pits and cracks. low heat tolerance

32
Q

rotating anode

A

used in hospitals and most outpatient clinics
benefits: high heat tolerance
downside: expensive, whole tube needs to be replaced

33
Q

image receptor

A

any device or medium that captures the remnant beam

34
Q

latent image

A

the image before processing

35
Q

manifest image

A

the image after processing

36
Q

computed radiography

A

-filmless
-uses an image receptor for recording the image
-placed in a digitized reader for reconstruction
-view the actual image on a computer screen

37
Q

digital radiography

A

-filmless
-uses a digital plate
-image receptors are reusable
-uses WIFI

38
Q

CT

A

cross sectional views of the body
-provides information about the body in slices
-more radiation than general xray (protection important)

39
Q

WHO health definition

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not nearly the absence of disease or infirmity

radiography (1 decks)

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