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Diagnostic Imaging > Radiography H&S > Flashcards

Radiography H&S Flashcards

1
Q

Main responsibilities of employer with respect to H&S Act 1974

A

Duty to protect health, safety & welfare of employees & others who may be affected by their business
- whatever reasonable practicable to control/minimise risk

Duty to assess workplace risk

  • provide info re. potential risk & protective measures in place
  • instruct/train employees how to deal w/& minimise potential risks

Duty to keep up to date w/ changes in h&s regs

  • must have h&s policy in place which employees must be made aware of
  • revise policy when necessary
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2
Q

What is the Ionising Radiations Regs 1999?

A

Law governing use of radiation & radioactive materials

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3
Q

Name of secondary revised booklet explaining IRR 1999

A

Approved code of practice for the protection of persons against ionising radiation arising from any work activity

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4
Q

What are the requirements of IRR 1999?

A

Requires that practices assess risks of radiography

  • ID of measures to restrict radiation exposure to staff & other persons
  • Any staff involved in radiography must have read & signed local rules
  • Suitable PPE provided, stored properly & examined regularly
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5
Q

Literature introduced by BVA re. Ionising radiation

  • name
  • year
  • explains…
  • aims…
  • covers…
A

Guidance notes for the safe use of ionising radiation in veterinary practice 2002

  • explains requirements for vet profession
  • aims to minimise radiation doses
  • covers equipment/personnel/procedures
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6
Q

Principles of radiation protection

A
  • clinical justification
  • minimal exposure time, distance & shielding
  • no dose limit should be exceeded
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7
Q

What is an RPS?

Who may this be?

A

Radiation protection supervisor
Appointed by practice
Principle/senior partner/head RVN

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8
Q

What is an RPS responsible for?

A
  • Ensuring that radiography carried out safely, in accordance w/regs, & that local rules are obeyed
  • (do not need to be present for every r.exam)
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9
Q

What is an RPA?

Requirements to be RPA

A
  • Radiation protection advisor
  • must have diploma in vet radiology
  • must hold certificate of competence from appropriate issuing body
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10
Q

What is an RPA responsible for?

A
  • Providing advice on radiation protection & demarcating of controlled area
  • Drawing up local rules & written systems of work
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11
Q

Controlled area requirements

A
  • Specific room w/thick +/- reinforced walls (lead ply/barium plaster)
  • Standing at least 2m from p.beam
  • Demarcated w/labels & warning notices
  • Warning sign at entrance
  • Red light indicating Rx in progress
  • X-Ray lights visible from c.panel; on/off status
  • Ceases to be controlled area when machine disconnected from power
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12
Q

Local rules:
Who draws them up?
Where should they be & be given to?

A
  • Drawn up by RPA
  • displayed in x-ray room
  • provided to anyone involved in rx
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13
Q

What do local rules cover?

A
  • equipment & procedures
  • restriction of access
  • methods of restraint
  • assessment of max dose received
  • written system of work
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14
Q

What is the written system of work?

A
  • section of local rules

- gives step by step guide to procedures to be followed when carrying out rx

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15
Q

What are the effects of x-rays/ionising radiation?

A
  • hazardous to living tissues
  • harmful effects which may be both immediate & delayed
  • results in chemical changes
  • May lead to physiological change/injury
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16
Q

What must be included when recording exposures?

A
  • date
  • patient ID & description
  • view
  • restraint means
  • exposure factors
  • image quality
  • personnel involved
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17
Q

Requirements for Rx PPE

A
  • made of rubber impregnated w/lead

- routinely examined for cracks/damage

18
Q

What does Rx PPE protect against?

A
  • scatter radiation

- not p.beam

19
Q

What is LE?

What does it relate to?

A
  • lead equivalent
  • thickness of pure lead
  • PPE
20
Q

Lead apron requirements

A
  • must cover trunk
  • esp. gonads
  • reach mid-thigh
21
Q

Lead apron minimum LE

A

0.25mm

22
Q

What should not be done w/lead gloves?

A

Placed w/in p.beam

23
Q

Lead glove minimum LE

A

0.35mm

24
Q

Where should dosemeter be worn?

Who should wear dosemeter?

A
  • on trunk, under lead apron
  • anyone involved in Rx
  • only worn by person to which it’s issued
25
Q

How often should dosemeters be sent for reading?

A
  • every 1-3 months

- case-load dependant

26
Q

What must not be done w/dosemeters?

A
  • washed/tumble dried
  • left in controlled area when not in use
  • exposed to heat or sunlight
27
Q

What do thermoluminescent dosemeters contain?

A

radiosensitive lithium fluoride crystals

28
Q

How do thermoluminescent dosemeters work?

A

when exposed to radiation the lithium fluoride crystals are rearranged, storing energy

29
Q

How are thermoluminescent dosemeters read?

A
  • lithium fluoride crystals are heated
  • give off light proportional to amount of stored energy
  • provides quantitive reading
30
Q

Which public authority monitors readings from dosemeters?

What else do they do?

A
  • National Radiological Protection Board

- conducts research on radiological protection & reports to governmental departments

31
Q

Dose limit definition

A

Amount of radiation thought not to pose a greater risk to health than radiation encountered in everyday life

32
Q

Dose limits for employees of 18yrs or over

A

Whole body: = 50mSV
Individual organs/tissues: = 500mSV
Ocular lens: = 150mSV

33
Q

Does limits for trainees under 18yrs

A

Whole body: = 15mSV
Individual organs/tissues:= 150mSV
Ocular lens: = 45mSV

34
Q

Dose limits for any other person

A

Whole body: = 5mSV
Individual organs/tissues: = 50mSV
Ocular lens: = 15mSV

35
Q

Who should never be present for radiography?

A
  • those <16yrs

- owners

36
Q

Rules regarding primary beam

A
  • should be directed vertically
  • must be collimated to smallest area possible
  • must be entirely w/in film borders
37
Q

What is the approved code of practice regarding restraint?

A

Only in exception circumstances should a patient or animal undergoing a diagnostic examination be supported or manipulated by hand

38
Q

Examples of exceptional circumstances allowing manual restraint

A
  • severe illness
  • severe traumatic injury
  • congestive heart failure
  • ruptured diaphragm
39
Q

How often should an x-ray machine be serviced?

A

Annually

40
Q

How may cracks in PPE be identified?

A

X-ray PPE

Diagnostic Imaging (2 decks)

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