Radiographs

Question 1

Reason for taking a CEPH?

Answer 1

CEPHS are taken if there is a marked skeletal discrepancy

Not necessary on every patient, generally class II and class III cases skeletal

To assess relationship of the jaws to the skull, the teeth in the jaws and soft tissues to teeth and jaws

Question 2

What is a CEPH?

Answer 2

A ceph is a standardised lateral skull radiograph used to assess the relationship of the jaws, the teeth and the soft tissues

Question 3

What planes of space are being assessed with a CEPH?

Answer 3

Vertical

Anterioposterior

Question 4

What distance should the patient be from the tube?

Answer 4

1.5m - 1.8m

Question 5

How are the CEPH’s standardised?

Answer 5

The xray machine is a set distance from the ear posts where the xray beam is directed

The head position is in a natural position and so that the patient’s Frankfort plane is horizontal to the floor

The earposts also stabilise the head

Question 6

What measurements are analysed for the anterioposterior skeletal pattern on a CEPH

Answer 6

Sella Nasion A point
Sella Nasion B point
ANB 
Upper Incisor to Maxillary Plane
Lower Incisor to Mandibular Plane
Inter Incisal Angle

Question 7

What measurements are analysed to assess the vertical skeletal pattern on a CEPH?

Answer 7

Maxillary Mandibular Plane angle

Frankfort Mandibular Plane angle

Question 8

What measurements are used for soft tissue analysis on a CEPH?

Answer 8

Holdaway line
Ricketts E plane
Facial plane

Question 9

What measurement assesses the ‘pleasing’ facial profile

Answer 9

A-pogonion line

Question 10

What is ionizing radiation?

Answer 10

Is radiation that carries sufficient energy to detach electrons from atoms or molecules therefore ionizing them

Question 11

What are the 2 basic types of ionizing radiation?

Answer 11

Particulate radiation

Electromagnetic radiation

Question 12

What is particulate radiation made up of?

Answer 12

Neutrons
Electrons
Protons

Question 13

There are 2 different combinations made from the particles that make up particulate radiation. What are they?

Answer 13

Alpha particles

Beta partices

Question 14

What are Alpha particles?

Answer 14

Heavy and reactive particles that are very damaging to tissues

Question 15

What are Beta particles?

Answer 15

They are composed of high speed electrons which are less reactive and less damaging to tissues