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Radiology > radiographic techniques > Flashcards

radiographic techniques Flashcards

1
Q

name 3 types of intra-oral radiographs

A

-periapical
-bitewing
-occlusal (mandibular and maxillary)

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2
Q

where is the receptor placed for intra oral radiographs?

A

placed within the mouth of the patient

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3
Q

name 5 examples of extra oral radiographs

A

-dpt
-lateral celphalogram
-postero-anterior mandible
-lateral oblique mandible
-occipito-mental views of facial bones

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4
Q

where is the receptor found in extra-oral radiographs?

A

external to the patients body

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5
Q

what can be seen in peri-apical radiographs?

A

from crown to apex of root and in between teeth

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6
Q

what can be seen in horizontal bitewing radiographs?

A

4d-8m
bone levels

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7
Q

what can be seen in vertical bitewing radiographs?

A

more of bone but still NOT entire root

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8
Q

what can be seen in occlusal radiographs?

A

mandibular- FOM and teeth
maxillary- anterior teeth and anterior part of maxillary

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9
Q

how is a dpt taken?

A

the X-ray tube moves round the patients head

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10
Q

how long is the exposure of dpt’s?

A

14 seconds

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11
Q

what can be seen on a dpt?

A

teeth and supporting structures

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12
Q

what does a lateral cephalogram radiograph show?

A

skull

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13
Q

what is a lateral cephalogram commonly used for?

A

orthodontics

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14
Q

what can lateral cephalograms show?

A

relation of teeth to mandible
relation of mandible to rest of facial skeleton

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15
Q

what are postero-anterior mandible radiographs used for?

A

to view mandibular fractures

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16
Q

how are posters-anterior mandible radiographs taken?

A

two images taken at right angles to each other
- as mandibular fractures often occur in more than 1 place

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17
Q

when are lateral oblique mandible radiographs taken?

A

-for children who cannot tolerate bitewing radiographs
-mandibular fractures

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18
Q

when would occipito-mental views of facial bones be used?

A

facial trauma fractures

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19
Q

what sort of fractures can be seen on occipito-mental radiographs?

A

-orbital
-maxillary
-zygomatic arches

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20
Q

why are peri-apical radiographs used?

A

-apical pathology (inflammation, infection, cysts)
-periodontal status
-endodontics
-pre extraction to view roots
-trauma to teeth/bone
-unerupted teeth position
-implants
-apical surgery

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21
Q

what are the 2 radiographic intra-oral techniques called?

A

-paralleling technique
-bisected angle technique

22
Q

describe the paralleling technique?

A

-accurate geometry of image
-receptor is held in holder
-holder keeps receptor parallel to tooth and beam
-produced accurate and reproducible image
-x-ray beam positioned perpendicular to tooth/receptor

23
Q

what are the negatives to the paralleling technique?

A

-holders are bulky and may not be tolerated by the patient
-but paralleling prevents repeats and exposure of radiation to finger

24
Q

what is the bisected angle technique?

A

-no holder used
-operator dependent so image is not reproducible
-receptor held in place by patients finger or lollipop holder (finger exposed to radiation)

25
Q

what is the most commonly used technique for intra-oral radiographs?

A

the paralleling technique

26
Q

what are the following coloured holders used for?

blue
yellow
red
green

A

blue- anterior PA
yellow- posterior PA
red- H and V bitewings
green-endodontics

27
Q

what type of image receptor is used at DDH?

A

phosphor plates

28
Q

what does computed radiology receptors mean?

A

receptor film is processed, erased and reused

29
Q

finish the sentence

holders reduce variables in …

A

geometry

30
Q

what does the geometry of an image mean?

A

it means that the image does not change has much when looking at it from a different angle

31
Q

what are 3 variables that affect the geometry of a radiographic image?

A

-receptor to tooth relationship
-perpendicular direction of X-ray to receptor
-magnification

32
Q

how should the receptor be in relation to the tooth?

A

-vertical axis of receptor must be parallel to long axis of the tooth
-horizontal axis of receptor must be parallel to dental arch

33
Q

how would wrong position of vertical and horizontal planes of receptor to tooth affect image?

A

vertical- distort image- elongate or shorten

horizontal-overlapping

34
Q

what is magnification of an image affected by?

A

xray beam to receptor distance

tooth to receptor distance

35
Q

what shape is an xray beam?

A

divergent cone shaped

36
Q

what is the ideal positioning for correct magnification?

A

long xray beam to receptor distance

short receptor to tooth distance

37
Q

when taking an image of posterior teeth what orientation should the film be?

A

horizontal

37
Q

when taking an image of posterior teeth what orientation should the film be?

A

horizontal

38
Q

when taking an image of anterior teeth what orientation should the film be?

A

vertical

39
Q

what is cone cutting?

A

seen when corners of collimator are not touched the ring slides and they absorb the radiation

40
Q

what are the film sizes used in DDH?

A

0,1,2 and 4

41
Q

what film size should be used for an adult anterior PA?

A

0,1

42
Q

what film size should be used for an adult posterior PA?

A

2

43
Q

what film size should be used adult and children over 10 bitewings?

A

2

44
Q

what film size should be used for children posterior PA of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth ?

A

d- 0
p-2

45
Q

what film size should be used for child anterior PA?

A

0

46
Q

what film size should be used for bitewings for children under 10?

A

0/1

47
Q

where should the dot on receptor be during PA?

A

to the crown (bite block)

48
Q

where should the dot on receptor be during bitewings?

A

to the palate

49
Q

what is the controlled area?

A

the immediate vicinity around the x ray- must be outside this area to keep personal radiation dose to a minimum

Radiology (4 decks)

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