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RADPRO MIDTERM > RADIOGRAPHIC ANF FLUOROSCOPIC FEATURES > Flashcards

RADIOGRAPHIC ANF FLUOROSCOPIC FEATURES Flashcards

1
Q

RADIOGRAPHIC PROTECTION FEATURES

A

Protective Xray Tube Housing
Control Panel
Source-to-image-receptor distance indicator
Collimation
Positive-Beam Limitation
Beam Alignment
Filtration
Reproducibility
Linearity
Operator Shield
Mobile xray imaging

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2
Q

Purpose of Protective Housing

A

Reduces leakage (scatter) radiation

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3
Q

Leakage radiation must be less than __ at a distance of __ from the protective housing.

A

100 mR/hr (1 mGya/hr); 1 m

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4
Q

Must indicate the conditions of exposure and must positively indicate when the x-ray tube is energized.

A

Control Panel

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5
Q

What signals indicate when the x-ray beam is energized?

A

visible or audible signals

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6
Q

X-ray beam on must be __ and __ indicated to the radiologic technologist.

A

positively; clearly

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7
Q

can be as simple as a tape measure attached to the tube housing, or as advanced as lasers.

A

Source-to-image-receptor distance indicator

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8
Q

SID indicator can be as simple as a __ attached to the tube housing, or as advanced as __.

A

tape measure; lasers

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9
Q

SID indicator must be accurate to within __ of the indicated SID.

A

2%

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10
Q

Light-localized, variable-aperture rectangular

A

Collimation

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11
Q

may replace the collimator for special examinations.

A

Cones and diaphragms

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12
Q

Attenuation of the __ by collimator shutters must be equivalent to attenuation by the __

A

useful beam; protective housing

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13
Q

The x-ray beam and the light beam must coincide to within __ of the SID.

A

2%

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14
Q

Automatic, light-localized, variable-aperture collimators were required on all

A

Positive Beam Limitation

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15
Q

Special x-ray imaging systems manufactured in the United States between __

A

1974 and 1994.

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16
Q

devices are no longer required but continue to be a part of most new radiographic imaging systems.

A

positive-beam–limiting (PBL)

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17
Q

The PBL must be accurate to within of the SID

A

2%

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18
Q

mechanism to ensure proper alignment of the x-ray beam and the image receptor.

A

Beam Alignment

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19
Q

total filtration (inherent plus added) of at least __ when operated above __ kVp.

A

2.5 mm Al; 70

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20
Q

Radiographic tubes operated between __ must have at least __.

A

50 and 70 kVp; 1.5 mm Al

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21
Q

Below __ kVp, a minimum of __ total filtration is required.

A

50; 0.5 mm Al

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22
Q

X-ray tubes designed for mammography usually have __

A

30 µm Mo or 60 µm Rh filtration.

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23
Q

should be constant from one exposure to another

A

output radiation intensity

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24
Q

Reproducibility is checked by

A

making repeated radiation exposures through the same technique and observing the average variation in radiation intensity.

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25
Q

variation in x-ray intensity should not exceed __.

A

5%

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26
Q

maximum acceptable variation in linearity is __ from one mA station to an adjacent mA station.

A

10%

27
Q

When the exposure time remains constant, causing the mAs to __ in proportion to the increase in _, radiation intensity should be proportional to __.

A

increase; mA; mAs

28
Q

Radiation intensity is expressed in units of __

A

mGya/mAs (mR/mAs)

29
Q

The exposure control should be __ to the operating console and not to a long cord.

A

Fixed

30
Q

The radiologic technologist may be in the examination room during exposure, but only if __

A

protective apparel is worn.

31
Q

The exposure switch of such an imaging system must allow the operator to remain at least __ from the x-ray tube during exposure.

A

2 m

32
Q

the useful beam must be directed __ from the radiologic technologist while positioned at this minimum distance.

A

away

33
Q

FLUOROSCOPIC PROTECTION FEATURES

A

Source to skin distance
Primary Protective Barrier
Filtration
Collimation
Exposure Control
Bucky Slot Cover
Protective Curtain
Cumulative Timer
Dose Area Product

34
Q

when __ is reduced, personnel exposure is __.

A

patient radiation dose; reduced

35
Q

distance between any x-ray tube and the patient would result in reduced

A

patient dose

36
Q

to maintain exposure to the image intensifier, the mA must be __ to compensate for the increased distance.

A

increased

37
Q

SSD must be not less than __ on __ fluoroscopes and not less than __ on __ fluoroscopes

A

38 cm; stationary; 30 cm; mobile

38
Q

Serves as a primary protective barrier and must be __ equivalent.

A

fluoroscopic image receptor assembly; 2 mm Pb

39
Q

total filtration of the fluoroscopic x-ray beam must be at least __ equivalent.

A

2.5 mm Al

40
Q

The _ are included as part of the total filtration.

A

tabletop
patient cradle,
other material positioned between the x-ray tube and the tabletop

41
Q

When the filtration is __, the __ should be measured.

A

unknown; HVL

42
Q

Fluoroscopic x-ray beam collimators must be adjusted so that __ when the input phosphor of the image intensifier is positioned __ the tabletop and the collimators are fully open.

A

an unexposed border is visible on the image monitor; 35 cm above

43
Q

fluoroscopic exposure control should be of what type?

A

dead man type

44
Q

What exposure control of fluoroscopic image receptor satisfies this condition?

A

conventional foot pedal or pressure switch

45
Q

Bucky tray is moved to the end of the examination table, leaving an opening in the side of the table approximately __ at __ level. This opening should be covered automatically with at least __ equivalent.

A

5 cm wide; gonadal; 0.25 mm Pb

46
Q

protective curtain or panel of at least __ equivalent should be positioned between the fluoroscopist and the patient.

A

0.25 mm Pb

47
Q

Without the __, the exposure of radiology personnel is many times higher.

A

curtain and the Bucky slot cover

48
Q

cumulative timer that produces an audible signal when the fluoroscopic time has exceeded __.

A

5 minutes

49
Q

device is designed to ensure that the radiologist is aware of the relative beam-on time during each procedure.

A

Cumulative Timer

50
Q

The __ should record total fluoroscopy beam-on time for each examination

A

assisting radiologic technologist

51
Q

intensity of the x-ray beam at the tabletop of a fluoroscope should not exceed __ for each mA of operation at __ kVp. .

A

21 mGya/min (2.1 R/ min); 80

52
Q

No optional high-level control, the intensity must not exceed __ during fluoroscopy.

A

100 mGya/min (10 R/min)

53
Q

If an optional high-level control is provided, the maximum tabletop intensity allowed is __.

A

200 mGya/min (20 R/min)

54
Q

There is no limit on x-ray intensity when the image is recorded like?

A

cineradiography or videography

55
Q

overall stochastic risk to a patient depends on __. which is related to tissue radiation dose and to the volume of tissue exposed.

A

effective radiation dose (E),

56
Q

refers to the energy deposited locally, is the quantity that best reflects the potential for injury to that tissue (deterministic effect).

A

Tissue radiation dose

57
Q

Dose area product (DAP) is a quantity that reflects not only the dose but also the __

A

volume of tissue irradiated;

58
Q

DAP is expressed in __

A

cGy-cm2 (R-cm2).

59
Q

DAP increases with __ field size even if the dose remains unchanged.

A

increasing

60
Q

Smaller field size results in __ DAP, and thus __ risk, because a __ amount of tissue is exposed.

A

lower, less; smaller

61
Q

DAP may be used to __ radiation output from radiographic and fluoroscopic imaging systems.

A

monitor

62
Q

DAP is a (radiolucent, radiopacity) device

A

radiolucent

63
Q

Risk for injury to the skin where the beam enters the patient can be derived by?

A

dividing the DAP measurement by the area of the beam at the skin.

64
Q

Using DAP to monitor radiation intensity is a good way to?

A

implement radiation management procedures and keep patient exposures low

RADPRO MIDTERM (1 decks)

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