Radioelectric Spectrum ITU Course

Question 1

Types of electromagnetic wavers

Answer 1

From least frequent to the highest. Radio, Microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, xray, gamma ray

Question 2

What waves of electromagnetic spectrum are use for communications

Answer 2

Radio (for TV and radio for short and long distances), microwave (to communicate with satellite and mobile phones, infrared

Question 3

Classification of energy of spectrum. Which one poses threats to health

Answer 3

Lower energy (radio, microwave, infrared, visible light) vs higher energy (ultraviolet, xray and gamma ray) can cause harm in case of over exposure, as they can kill cells or cause mutations

Question 4

Transmitter and receiver

Answer 4

Transmitter Device that process the signal to make it suitable to transmission, consists of modulator, amplifier and antenna.

Receiver is the device that selects a signal, recovers a base band signal and delivers it to the user

Question 5

Means for telecommunication

Answer 5

wire, radio, optical and other EM systems

Question 6

Radio waves

Answer 6

Hertzian waves, EM waves arbitrarily lower than 3k GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide

Question 7

Radiocommunication

Answer 7

Telecommunication by means of radio

Question 8

Radiowaves, radiocommunication, radiocommunication service

Answer 8

1.Electromagnectic spectrum waves arbitrarily under 3000 GHz propagated in space without artificial guide. 2. Communication via radiowaves 3. Service involving the transmission, emission and reception of radiowaves of telecommunication purposes

Question 9

Characteristics of different types of means of communication (Infrared, Cable TV ¨coaxial¨, optical fiber, broadcasting tv

Answer 9

1. Infrared wireless link. Doesn´t use frecuencies under 3k GHz, is of free propagation, doesn´t use radioelectric spectrum.

2.Cable TV, uses frecuency under 3k GHz, is not of free propagation, does not use radioelectric spectrum

3. Optical fiber, Doesnt have frecuency under 3k GHz, doen´t have free propagation, does not use radioelectric spectrum

4.Broadcasting TV, uses spectrum under 3kGHz, is of free propagation, uses radioelectric spectrum

Frecuency under 3000GHz, free propagation

Question 10

ITU Regions

Answer 10

1 Most Europe and Africa 2 Americas 3 Most East Asia , Oceania, some middle east

Question 11

Terrestrial radiocommunications

Answer 11

1. Fixed radio communications service between two specified fixed points;
2. broadcasting, a radiocommunication service in which the transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general public. This service may include sound transmissions, television transmissions
3. Radiodetermination. determination of the position, velocity and/or other characteristics of an object, or the obtaining of information relating to these parameters, by means of the propagation properties of radio waves.

Question 12

Types of radiocommunication services

Answer 12

Terrestrial and space services

Question 13

file:///Users/mariaburgos/Desktop/sem%202%202017%202018%20bab%2010%20Manajemen%20Frekuensi_Sigit%20Haryadi.pdf

Answer 13

https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/workshops/RRS-18-Americas/Documents/02RRS-18Americas_PlanesFrecuencia.pdf

Question 14

Categories of radiodetermination service

Answer 14

radionavigation and radiolocation

Question 15

Radionavigation

Answer 15

radiodetermination used for the purposes of navigation

Question 16

Radiolocation

Answer 16

Radiodetermination for purposes other than those of radionavigation.

Question 17

Amateur radio

Answer 17

the use of the radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency communications.The term “amateur” is used to specify “a duly authorised person interested in radioelectric practice with a purely personal aim and without pecuniary interest;” (either direct monetary or other similar reward) and to differentiate it from commercial broadcasting, public safety (such as police and fire), or professional two-way radio services (such as maritime, aviation, taxis, etc.).

Question 18

Indicativo call sign

Answer 18

El indicativo es un código de letras y números usado en la radiodifusión para identificar a una estación de radio o televisión.

Question 19

Station

Answer 19

is one or multiple receivers and transmitters or a combination of them and their accessories needed at one location for the radiocommunication service or radioastronomy

Question 20

Allocation of a frecuency band

Answer 20

Entry in the table of frequency allocations of a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or more terrestrial or space radiocommunication services under specified conditions.

Question 21

Allotment

Answer 21

Entry of a designated frequency channel in an agreed plan, adopted by a competent conference, for use by one or more administrations for a terrestrial or space radiocommunication service in one or more identified countries or geographical areas and under specified conditions

Question 22

assignment

Answer 22

Authorization given by an administration for a radio station to use a radio frequency or radio frequency channel under specified conditions

Question 23

Designations or identification through footnotes

Answer 23

They signal the interest of the administration on a future use of that band

Question 24

free space waves

Answer 24

the behavior of radio waves as they propagate from one point to another or into various parts of the atmosphere.

Question 25

Range of length of the associated free space waves range

Answer 25

thousands of meters- long-wave extreme

Fractions of a millimeter - short-wave extreme

Question 26

Radio Spectrum

Answer 26

refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to radio frequencies

Question 27

Radio Spectrum

Answer 27

1) Long wave radio (hasta 300 kHZ), 2) Medium wave radio (300 kHZ- almost 3MHz), 3) Short wave radio (3-30 MHz) 4) FM Radio (30-300 MHz), 5) DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), 6) GSM 7)3G, 8) Satellite TV

Question 28

Frecuency limits

Answer 28

HF (3-30 MHz) VHF ( 30-300 MHz), UHF (300-3000 MHz), SHF (3-30 GHz), EHF (30-300 GHz)

Question 29

Why spectrum matters?

Answer 29

Wireless communications is an integral part of our lives.All wireless communications makes use of some part of the radio spectrum: without sufficient spectrum communications is curtailed.

Question 30

Estimation of the contribution of spectrum to the GDP of a country.

Answer 30

More generally, estimates are that use of spectrum adds something like 3-4% to the GDP of a country.

Question 31

Importance of spectrum planning

Answer 31

Spectrum use has an increasing influence on sustainable growth, competitiveness and productivity in the internal market in relation to important EU sectoral policies. Since spectrum is scarce, priorities are needed to ensure that spectrum is allocated and used efficiently and effectively, taking into account EU policy objectives for electronic communications and broadband for all and for transport, research, Earth observation, Galileo, environmental protection and (even) the fight against global warming.

Question 32

The core objective for spectrum policy

Answer 32

The core objective for spectrum policy should be to (I) create a predictable environment for current and future use of the radio spectrum, and (II) to enable spectrum to be used in a manner which will bring the greatest benefits to society.

Question 33

elements which may help the objective of spectrum policiy

Answer 33

1. Encouraging efficient use of spectrum;
2. Allowing equitable and affordable access to as many users as possible;
3. Encouraging the introduction of more spectrally efficient technologies;
4. essential services (rural and disadvantaged groups)
5. Ensuring the needs for emergency and security services are provided for
6. Encouraging technological innovation;
7. Promoting competitiveness

Question 34

Espectro Electromagnetico, características derivadas de la constitución dominicana

Answer 34

Forma parte del territorio nacional, tanto el espectro como el “espacio donde este actúa”. Es inalienable. Se regula conforme las normas de DI. Es un recurso natural. Esto se extrae del art. 9 y 14.

Question 35

Características del espectro radioelectrico según la Ley

Answer 35

bien público, escaso, patrimonio del Estado

Question 36

Sistemas bajo licencia genérica

Answer 36

Están exceptuados del requerimiento de autorización individual por estación: Los equipos de baja potencia requieren de su certificado de homologación.
Entran bajo la licencia los sistemas de radiocomunicaciones menor o igual a 500 milivatios en la banda de 30 kHz y 30 MHz, 100 milivatios en la banda de 30-3000 MHz y 10 milivatios en frecuencias superiores a 3000 MHz
Esta excepción no aplica en bandas asignadas
para la provisión de servicios públicos finales.

Question 37

Características del Espectro Radioelectrico

Answer 37

• Su límite es artificial, ya que depende del estado de desarrollo tecnológico y se ha fijado desde 8.3 KHz hasta 3,000 GHz.
• Se refiere a radiaciones no confinadas, es decir que se propagan libremente en el espacio abierto.

Question 38

Usos futuras

Answer 38

las frecuencias entre 275 a
3,000 GHz

Question 39

consideraciones esenciales del espectro radioeléctrico:

Answer 39

• Recurso Natural: corresponde a un fenómeno de la naturaleza.
• Limitado: Su cantidad es mensurable y no puede aumentar.
• Escaso: la cantidad de información que puede transmitir es limitada.
• Intangible: es inmaterial.

Question 40

Importance of spectrum policy

Answer 40

A spectrum policy underlines the basis on which spectrum managers will make choices and decisions concerning permitting various uses of radio spectrum, who uses radio spectrum and sometimes giving priority to over others and, very importantly, what mechanisms will be used to assign and pay for radio spectrum use and under what conditions.

Question 41

Phases related to spectrum organization

Answer 41

1. Determining spectrum requirement; 2. Determining spectrum availability; 3.Considering spectrum planning options-band planning; 4. Spectrum planning implementation

Question 42

Types of Plans

Answer 42

Planning at international level- Table of frequency allocations contained in the radio regulations

Planning at national level- National Table of Frquency Allocations

Question 43

Specific Band Spectrum Use Plans

Answer 43

Sub-allocation, channeling and standards to deploy that service on the national territory

Question 44

Radio systems

Answer 44

Transmitters and receivers deploy in accordance to the adopted plan and standards.

Question 45

Where is placed the stratosphere for aeronatical radiocommunications purposes

Answer 45

it is placed from 20 to 50 km above sea level

Question 46

Layers of the atmosphere

Answer 46

troposphere (lowest, están las nueves), stratosphere (second layer, encima de las nubes, arriba caliente, abajo frio, donde está el ozono, el ozono absorve los UV), mesosphere (media, los meteoros se quema en esta capa por los gases), termósfera (donde está la estación espacial internacional que orbita la tierra y satélites de baja órbita, ionosfera), exósfera (más externa, afuera,luego de ella está el espacio exterior, es grandísima)

Question 47

Stratosphere

Answer 47

Second layer of the atmosphere, encima de la troposfera y debajo de la mesósfera, no tiene los fenómenos atmosfericos que tiene la troposfera, el ozono bueno está ahí y protege a la tierra de la radiación UV, el aire es caliente arriba y frio abajo (contrario a la tropósfera), los commercial aircraft vuelan en la parte baja de la estratosfera para evitar turbulencias.

Question 48

Fenómenos físicos de las ondas de radio

Answer 48

Igual que la luz. Radio waves when propagating will experience the same physical phenomena such as refraction, reflection, dispersion, diffraction and multipath.