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Physics > Radioactivity and Particles > Flashcards

Radioactivity and Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of ionising radiation?

A

Alpha, beta and gamma radiation.

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2
Q

Describe the ionising power trend of each radiation:

A

-Alpha: strong
-Beta: medium
-Gamma: weak

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3
Q

Describe the penetrating power trend of each radiation:

A

-Alpha: weak
-Beta: medium
-Gamma: strong

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4
Q

What is the range in air of alpha radiation?

A

5-8 cm

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5
Q

What is the range in air of beta radiation?

A

500-1000 cm

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6
Q

What is the range in air of gamma radiation?

A

Virtually infinite.

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7
Q

What is alpha radiation stopped by?

A

Paper.

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8
Q

What is beta radiation stopped by?

A

Thin aluminium.

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9
Q

What is gamma radiation stopped by?

A

Thick lead sheet

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10
Q

What is alpha radiation?

A

Fast-moving particles that are thrown out of unstable nuclei when they decay.

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11
Q

What are alpha particles?

A

Helium nuclei.

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12
Q

What is the mass number of an alpha particle?

A

4

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13
Q

What is the relative charge of an alpha particle?

A

+2 (they carry 2 protons)

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14
Q

What are beta minus particles?

A

Very fast-moving electrons that are ejected by a decaying nucleus.

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15
Q

What does beta minus decay involve?

A

A neutron in the nucleus splitting into a proton and an electron to make the nucleus more stable. The proton remains in the nucleus and the electron is ejected at high speed as a beta minus particle.

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16
Q

What is a beta plus particle?

A

Sometimes a proton will decay into a neutron and a beta plus particle. A beta plus particle is an antielectron, a particle with the same mass an an electron but with positive charge.

17
Q

What is the relative charge of a beta minus and plus particle?

A

Minus: -1
Plus: +1

18
Q

What is the mass of a beta particle compared to an alpha particle?

A

A beta particle has 0.000125 times the mass of an alpha particle

19
Q

What is the mass and charge of gamma rays?

A

Both are 0, as they are waves.

Physics (4 decks)

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