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Chemistry > Radioactivity > Flashcards

Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

Who discovered radioactivity

A

Henri Becquerel

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2
Q

What is the definition of radioactivity

A

The spontaneous breaking up of an unstable nucleus with the emission of one or more types of radiation

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3
Q

What did Pierre and Marie Curie discover

A

Polonium

Radium

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of radiation

A

Alpha particles
Beta particles
Gamma rays

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5
Q

What does alpha particles consist of

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

have a positive charge

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6
Q

What is alpha particles penetrating power

A

can penetrate very little

stopped by a few cm of air , sheet of paper , human skin

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7
Q

What is an example of alpha particles and where are they used

A

Americium 241

Smoke alarms

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8
Q

What do beta particles consist of

A

high energy electrons emitted from nucleus

formed when a neutron is changed to form a proton and an electron

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9
Q

What is the penetrating power of beta particles

A

More penetrating than alpha particles

stopped by 5mm of Al

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10
Q

What is an example of beta particles and where are they used

A 
Carbon-14 
Carbon dating (archaeology)
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11
Q

What do gamma rays consist of

A

high energy electromagnetic radiation

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12
Q

What is the penetrating power of gamma rays

A

very penetrating , only stopped by a thick layer of lead

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13
Q

What is an example of gamma rays and where are they used

A

Cobalt 60
killing tumours - cure cancer (medicine)
food preservation - irradiation of food , increasing shelf life

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14
Q

What are radioisotopes

A

radioactive isotopes

isotopes that are unstable and give out radiations

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15
Q

What is the definition of half-life

A

the half-life of an element is the time taken for half of the nuclei in any given sample to decay

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16
Q

What is used to detect radiation / measure radioactivity

A

The Geiger-Muller tube

17
Q

What is a nuclear reaction

A

a process that alters the composition, structure or energy of an atomic nucleus

18
Q

What are some differences between nuclear reactions and chemical reactions

A

Nuclear Reactions :
new element may be formed , changes occur in nucleus , no chemical bonds broken or formed
Chemical Reaction :
new element not formed , no change in nucleus , chemical bond-breaking and forming occurs

19
Q

What happens when an isotope undergoes beta decay

A

atomic number increases by 1 and mass number stays the same

becomes next element in P.T + e-1

20
Q

What happens when an isotope undergoes alpha decay

A

the atomic number decreases by 2 and the mass number decreases by 4
becomes element 2 places before in P.T (mass of parent atom decreases by 4)
+ He

21
Q

Where is radiation found

A

radioactivity is everywhere
radon in granite
carbon-14 in bones

Chemistry (6 decks)

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