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113L > Radioactivity > Flashcards

Radioactivity Flashcards

1
Q
  • emission of particles & energy to become stable
    particle - alpha or beta
    energy - xray or gamma
A

Radioactivity

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2
Q
  • process from being unstable to stable where emission of particles and energy occurs
A

Radioactive Decay/ Radioactive Disintegration

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3
Q

+ elements having the same no. of protons

A

Isotope

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4
Q

+ elements having the same no. of neutron

A

Isotone

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5
Q

+ elements having the same no. of atomic mass

A

Isobar

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6
Q

+ element having same no. in npa

A

Isomere

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7
Q
  • 2 primary sources of naturally occuring radioisotopes
A

Uranium (U-92) - nuclear power
Carbon 14 - history archiology

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8
Q

Types of Ionizing Radiation

A

Particulate Radiation n Electromagnetic

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9
Q
  • finite range in matter (limited)
  • ex. alpha n beta
A

Particulate

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10
Q
  • helium nucleus
  • +2
  • heavier
A

Alpha Particle

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11
Q

-light particles
-+1,-1
- beta- negatron ; beta+positron / antimatter

A

Beta Particle

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12
Q
  • xrays n gamma rays
  • often called photons
  • unlimited range in matter
A

Electromagnetic

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13
Q
  • another term for xray and gamma rays
  • no mass / no charge
A

Photons

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14
Q

+ speed of light (c)

A

3×10⁸ m/s or 1.86×10⁵ mi/s

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15
Q
  • origin : electron cloud
A

Xrays

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16
Q
  • origin : nucleus / radioactive nuclei
A

Gamma Rays

17
Q
  • type of radiation used in utz n mri
  • utz - soundwaves ; mri - radiowaves
A

Non Ionizing Radiation

18
Q
  • number of neutrons exceed number of protons
  • n = a-z
  • odd z
  • no stable nuclides with a=5/8
A

Stable Nuclides

19
Q

-“the greater the binding energy per nucleon, the more stable the element / nucleus”

A

Binding Energy Nucleon

20
Q
  • nucleus is unstable if it is too big
  • z=43 technetium z=61 promethium
A

Nuclear Size

21
Q

-“as the atomic mass increases the ratio must also increase

A

Ratio of Neutron to Proton

22
Q
  • 4/2a
  • a -4 ; z -2
  • too large to be stable
A

Alpha Decay

23
Q
  • 0/-1B
  • a 0 ; z +1
  • neutron to proton too large for stability
A

Beta Minus Decay

24
Q
  • 0/+1B
  • a 0 ; z -1
  • neutron to proton too small for stability
  • emits positron n neutrino
A

Beta Plus Decay

25
Q
  • 0/-1 + xrays
  • a 0 ; z -1
  • nuclues captures one of its electrons
  • k shell captured (nearest to electron)
  • produces neutrino in a form of xray
A

Electron Capture

26
Q
  • 0/0
  • excited state comes to ground state
  • m - meta stable
A

Gamma Ray Emission

113L (4 decks)

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