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radioactivity > Radioactivity > Flashcards

Radioactivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is background radiation

A

radiation that is naturally occurring

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2
Q

Example of non-ionizing

A

radio waves, microwaves, radar

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2
Q

What are the two categories of radiation

A

Ionizing and non-ionizing

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3
Q

What are alpha particles

A

are helium nuclei (2 protons and 2 neutrons)

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3
Q

Types of ionizing radiation

A

-Alpha particles
-Beta particles
-Gamma and x-ray
-Neutron particles.

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4
Q

What are beta particles

A

are high speed electrons or positron

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5
Q

what are gamma and x-rays

A

radiation are high energy photons

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6
Q

What are neutron particles

A

they are free neutrons

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7
Q

What can alpha not penetrate

A

Alpha cannot penetrate the dead layer of skin or a piece of paper

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8
Q

What is radiation

A

This is energy that is transported in the form of particles or waves

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9
Q

what is radioactive material

A

this is material that contains atoms that emit radiation spontaneously

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10
Q

What makes an atom stable

A

A stable atom has the same number of protons and the same number of neutrons

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11
Q

When an unstable atom is trying to become stable it releases energy what is this energy called

A

Ionizing radiation

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12
Q

What are ions

A

ions are electrically charged particles which may cause changes in living cells of plants, animals, and people

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13
Q

What is bigger alpha or beta particles

A

alpha particles are bigger

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14
Q

Since alpha particles are bigger what does that make them?

A

Makes them slower and less penetrating

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15
Q

What are the two types of x-rays

A

characteristic x-rays and bremsstrahlung x-ray

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15
Q

What ionizing radiation is the most penetrating

A

Gamma and x-rays

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16
Q

What is a characteristic x-ray

A

When the electron is falling to a lower orbit to allow for stabilization, that falling electron creates a a characteristic x-ray

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17
Q

What is a bremsstrahlung x-ray

A

when an energetic electron loses energy it emits the energy that forms an x-ray photon

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18
Q

What do beta particles create in x-rays

A

they create x-rays that move through heavy metals and excite orbital electrons

19
Q

What is Active radioactive material measured in

A

Curies

20
Q

What is 1 curie equal to in DPS

A

3.7X10^10

21
Q

0.001 Ci = ___ mCi= ___uCi

A

1.0 and 1,000

22
Q

What does disintegration per minute refer to?

A

To the radiation events given off by a radioactive material

23
Q

What does counts per minute refer to?

A

It refers to the rate of radiation events registered by the measuring instrument

24
Q

Which is larger Disintegration per minute or counts per minute?

A

DPM is larger

24
Q

what does T1/2 refer too

A

The amount of time the substance will remain radioactive

25
Q

What is half-life

A

The time it takes for half of the original parent isotope to decay into the daughter isotope

26
Q

A radioactive atom will continue to decay to a different kind of atom until when

A

until it is eventually stable non radioactive isotope

27
Q

What does exposure mean

A

the amount of ionizing radiation a person is exposed to

28
Q

What does roentgens (R) represent

A

the metric unit in which the amount of exposure one is exposed too can be measured as R/milli

29
Q

What is primary radiation

A

the direct beam or source and scatter radiation that occurs when that radiation interacts with any substance such as shielding material

30
Q

What does RAD stand for

A

radiation absorbed exposer

31
Q

What does REM stand for

A

roentgen equivalent man, this is the biological does equivalent

32
Q

How do you find REM

A

RAD X Quality factor or Relative biological effectiveness

33
Q

What is RBE

A

the factor by which the absorbed dose is to be multiplied to obtain a quantity that expresses on a common scale for all ionizing radiation, the biological damage to expose person

34
Q

What is acute bio-effects

A

manifests in minutes or days

35
Q

What are latent bio-effects

A

bio effects that manifests into years

36
Q

What is the annual limit of whole body rem one is allowed to absorb and mrem

A

5 and 5,000

37
Q

Why do we follow the theme alara

A

because it is assumed that even the small doses have some change of causing cancer

37
Q

What is alara

A

as low as reasonably achievable

38
Q

What are some cells that are most sensitive to radiation

A

-Stem cells
-Bone marrow
-Hair follicles
-Cancer cells
-Embryos
-Neonates

39
Q

What does the inverse square law state

A

every time you double your distance you drop your exposer down to 1/4

40
Q

What equals alara

A

minimizing exposer by combining the use of least time and greatest distance and good shielding

41
Q

What is ALARA philosphy

A

assumes that radiation exposure of any amount is potential hazard

42
Q

What do you do before doing any type of radiation work?

A

First check to see if the batteries are good in the survey meters then test the designated check source is a reading appropriately

43
Q

What are contamination surveys always measured in?

A

Counts per minute and you always start on the smallest scale of X0.1

44
Q

How often do you need to preform a radiation wipe leak test and survey

A

DAILEY after every use

44
Q

When is a area considered contaminated

A

when the results are over 200 cpm

45
Q

How often does waste drums need to be survyed

A

must be surveyed at least weekly

46
Q
A

radioactivity (1 decks)

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