Radio Navigation Theory Flashcards
Wavelength
Length of a single wave (cycle)
Frequency
Number of cycles expressed in Hertz (Hz)
Amplitude
Displacement of wave peaks or troughs from the middle value
Measures the strength of the signal
Modulation
Variation to amplitude, frequency or phase using another waveform (speech/music)
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
The amplitude of carrier wave is varied with frequency constant
Requires extra power to modulate
Increased modulation depth equals increased signal
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Varies frequency of the carrier wave
Requires less power and is static free but receivers are more complex and the bandwidth much higher than AM
Bandwidth
Amount of frequency spectrum required to transmit
Side bands
Additional frequencies which occur when a carrier wave is modulated by a frequency lower than itself
Carry the intelligence (information)
Transmission Economy
Elimination of high energy AM carrier
Ground Wave
Part of radio wave that travels parallel to the Earth’s surface
Direct Waves
Direct from transmitter to receiver
Surface Waves
Follow the contour of the Earth’s surface
Sky Waves
Refracted and reflected by the ionosphere
Out of Phase
Causes fading and loss of signal due radio waves travelling different paths
Attenuation
Range of surface wave
The rate at which the signal is absorbed/weakened by surfaces
Lower frequencies suffer less attenuation than VHF