Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

5th yr- CMS2- Imagining and Radiography > radio densities > Flashcards

radio densities Flashcards

1
Q

What can radio opacities on a radiograph be due to

A
  1. Artfacts
  2. Normal anatomy
  3. Dental tissue
  4. Bone
  5. Soft tissue
  6. Foreign body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes something to appear more radiopaque

A

Increase in tissue or object in the line of the x ray beam
or
Increase in density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can lead to increased thickness in bone

A
  1. Developmental
  2. Inflammatory
  3. Neoplastic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can lead to increased density of bone

A
  1. Inflammatory
  2. Dysplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give examples of artefacts that may be seen on a radiograph

A
  1. Copper dot
  2. Foreign objects
  3. Cervical spine shadow
  4. Ghost shadow of the mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why might a copped dot be seen on a radiogrpah

A

Due to the film being placed back to front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give examples of normal anatomy that appears radio opaque on a radiograph

A
  1. Zygomatic buttress
  2. Coronoid process
  3. Lower lip
  4. Nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give examples of abnormalities of the teeth that can appear radio opaque

A
  1. Retained root
  2. Unerupted or ectopic tooth
  3. Super numeracy
  4. Abnormality of tooth development
  5. Odontome
  6. Hypercementosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is dens in dente

A

Invagination of tooth stricture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is dens in dente also called

A

Dens invaginatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is dens in dente commonly found orally

A

In the maxillary lateral incisor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are pulp stones

A

Calcifications in the pulp tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an enamel pearl

A

An extra growth of enamel usually in the furcation of molar teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hypercementosis

A

Excessive deposition of cementum on roots usually asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does hypercementosis appear on a radiograph

A

Outline is usually smooth
slightly more radiolucent than dentine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are odontomes

A

Abnormal growth of normal dental tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the 2 types of odontomes

A
  1. Compound odontomes
  2. Complex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe compound odotnomes

A

Made up of lots of little denticles that look like a collection od small malformed teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe complex odontomes

A

Does not have normal ordering of tooth tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can tumours of the jaw be split into

A

Odontogenic
Non odontogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Give examples of odonotgenic tumours

A
  1. Odontomes (complex and compound)
  2. Cmentoblastoma
  3. Calcifying epithelial odontgenic tumour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Give examples of odonotgenic tumours

A
  1. Odontomes (complex and compound)
  2. Cementoblastoma
  3. Calcifying epithelial odontgenic tumour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can non odonotgenic tumours be split into

A
  1. Benign
  2. Malignant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Give examples of Benign non odonotgenic tumours

A

Osteoma
Chondroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Give examples of malignant non odonotgenic tumours

A

Osteogenic sarcoma
Osteogenic secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe cementoblastomas

A

Benign neoplasms that are rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where do cementoblastomas occur

A

More common in mandibular premolar molar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe how cementoblastomas maty appear on a radiograph

A

Circular radio opacity at the apex of the tooth
Radiolucent periphery and sclerotic margins outside the lesion
Root resorption may be seen

29
Q

Describe calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours

A

Benign rare tumours that affect the mandible more than maxilla

30
Q

What are calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours associated with

A

Unerupted teeth often the lower 8s

31
Q

Describe how calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours may appear on a radiograph

A

2/3 are mixed density
Usually, scalloped margin

32
Q

Give examples of soft tissues that can appear radio opaque on a radiograph

A

Maxillary antrum

33
Q

When might the maxillary antrum appear radio opaque

A

Due to inflammatory changes causing thicjenign of the paranasal sinus mucosa

34
Q

Describe how the maxillary antrum may appear on a radiogrpah

A

Well defined non corticated band of soft tissue opacity
Parallels the bony outlien of the antrum
Cortical line of antrul floor and walls are in tact

35
Q

How might a benign antral cyst/ retention pseudocyst present on a radiogrpah

A

Well defined non corticated smooth doem shaped opacity
Antral wall will be intact

36
Q

Give examples of imaging features of the maxillary antrum that indicate further investigation

A
  1. Bone erosion
  2. Corticated border of the soft tissue
  3. Displacement of astral boundary
37
Q

State red flag clinical symptoms in regards to the maxillary antrum

A

Epistaxis
Unilateral nasal obstruction
dys- or paresthesia;
facial swelling

38
Q

Give examples of soft tissue calcifications that may appear radiodense

A
  1. Pulp stones
  2. Ligaments
  3. Lymphoid tissue/ tonsils
  4. Salivary glands
  5. Blood vessels
  6. Antrum
  7. Nose
  8. Skin
  9. Muscles/ subcutaneous tissues
39
Q

Give examples of normal bone variation that may appear radio dense on a radiogrpah

A

Dense bone islands
Idiopathic osteonecrosis

40
Q

Give an example of a developmental bony defect that can appear radio dense on a radiogrpah

A

Tori

41
Q

Give examples of inflammatory / infections of the bone that can led to radio dense areas on a radiogrpah

A
  1. Sclerosing osteitis
  2. Osteomyelitis
  3. ORN
  4. MRONJ
42
Q

Give examples of bony dysplasias that may appear radio dense on a radiograph

A

– Cemento-osseous dysplasia – Fibrous dysplasia

43
Q

What is Sclerosingosteitis

A

A periapcal low grade chronic infection

44
Q

What is Osteomyelitis

A

Spreading, progressive inflammation in response to
infection

45
Q

What is Osteoradionecrosis

A

Radiation-induced damage resulting in bone necrosis.

46
Q

What does MRONJ stand for

A

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws

47
Q

What is Sclerosing Osteitis a reaction to

A

Proliferative reaction following plural necrosis

48
Q

What are some imaging features of Sclerosing Osteitis

A

Non vital tooth
Deep caries or large restoration
Widening of apical periodontal ligament space
Sclerotic bone surrounding the apex

49
Q

Where is Osteomyelitis seen more frequently

A

Mandible over maxilla

50
Q

List some radiographic features of Osteomyelitis

A
  1. Moth eaten poorly defined areas
  2. Subperiosteal bone formation
  3. Sequestra of necrotic bone
  4. Sclerosis of surrounding bone
51
Q

What is Periostitis

A

Inflammation of the periosteum can be due to Subperiosteal bone deposition

52
Q

What happens in Periostitis

A

Bone layers can form parallel to each other to the cortical surface

53
Q

What is ORN

A

Radiation induced damage to bone leadign to necrosis

54
Q

How does ORN presen clinically

A

With presence of exposed bone

55
Q

List some radiographic features of ORN

A
  1. Similar to osteomyelitis but without perosteal recant
56
Q

List some radiographic features of ORN

A
  1. Similar to osteomyelitis but without perosteal reaction (Periostitis)
  2. Bone sequestra
  3. Pathological fracture
  4. Can resemble bone destruction by malignant neoplasm
57
Q

List some radiographic features of MRONJ

A
  1. similar to osteomyelitis and ORN
  2. Moth-eaten area; bony sequestra
  3. Reduced periosteal reaction
  4. Widening of the periodontal ligament spaces
58
Q

Where do Periosteal osteomas arise

A

on the bone surface as a pedunculated mass
Usually asymptomatic and solitary

59
Q

How do Periosteal osteomas appear on a radiograph

A

Well-defined radiopacity with a smooth outline

60
Q

What are Multiple jaw osteomas a feature of

A

Gardner syndrome

61
Q

Describe cemento ossifying fibroma

A

Composed of fibrocellular tissue and mineralising material

62
Q

List the radiographic features of cement ossifying fibroma

A
  1. Round well defined expansile
  2. Mixed density
63
Q

Describe osteogenic sarcomas

A

Rapidly destructive bone malignancyvery rare in jaw

64
Q

List the radiographic appearance of osteogenic sarcomas

A
  1. Non specific can present as widening of the periodontal membrane space
  2. Classically has sunray appearance
65
Q

What is pagets disease

A

An idiopathic disease of the elderly causing abnormal maintenance of bone
Can lead to brittle bone and increased risk of fracture and osteogenic sarcoma

66
Q

What does the radiographic appearance of apogees disease depend on

A

The stage of the disease eg initial osteolytic of later bone deposition

67
Q

Talk through the radiographic appearance of the skull vault in early pagets disease

A

Osteoporosis
circumscripta: scalloped, well-defined zones of osteoporosis

68
Q

Talk through the radiographic appearance of the skull vault in late pagets disease

A

Cotton wool patches of sclerotic bone in earlier osteoporotic zones

5th yr- CMS2- Imagining and Radiography (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions