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09 Hematology > Radio > Flashcards

Radio Flashcards

1
Q

pathology of sickle cell disease

A

abnormal hemoglobin s

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2
Q

kidney uts results for scd

A

renal pyramids appear bright

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3
Q

skeletal findings in scd

A

expansion of medullary spaces

femoral flattening = avascular necrosis

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4
Q

axial ct findings in scd

A

auto-splenectomy

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5
Q

vertebral xray in scd

A

scalloping or concave deformity of the endplates (can also be seen in ct)

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6
Q

vertebral ct in scd

A

h shaped appearance of vertebra

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7
Q

what is sickle cell dactylitis

A

severe inflammation of finger and toe joints from infarcts of bone marrow and cortical bone

occur in first two years of life, little/no residual damage

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8
Q

pathology in thalassemia

A

reduction in the rate of globin chain synthesis = abnormal hemoglobin molecules

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9
Q

skeletal findings in thalassemia

A
  • expansion of medulla
  • thinning of cortical bone
  • resorption of cancellous bone

skull: hair on end appearance
facial bones: rodent facies
rib within a rib appearance (anteior ribs is larger or more bulbous, posterior is smaller)
extra-medullary hematopoiesis

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10
Q

gi findings in thalassemia

A

cholelithiasis

hemosiderosis

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11
Q

coronal ct of knee in thalassemia

A

marrow changes = area of interspersed hypointense signals

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12
Q

hand xray in thalassemia

A

marrow proliferation = carpals and phalanges appear extended and lucent

scalloping of metacarpals, looking flattened or squared

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13
Q

characteristics of fanconi anemia

A

progressive bone marrow failure
congenital abnormalities
predisposition to malignancies

most common type of inherited marrow failure syndrome

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14
Q

radiologic findings in fanconi anemia

A

horseshoe kidney
radial ray anomalies (no thumb and radius; extra digits)
triphalangeal thumb

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15
Q

types of hemophilia

A 
A = FACTOR 8
B = FACTOR 9
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16
Q

hallmark of hemophilia

A

hemorrhage

  • hemophilic arthropathy
  • hemophilic pseudotumor
  • soft tissue hematoma
17
Q

skeletal findings in hemophlia

A
  • enlargement of epiphysis of radial head
  • hemarthrosis (fluid collection in joints like elbow or feet)
  • intercondylar notch appears widened and enlarged
  • sunrise view (knee has wide intercondylar notch and displaced patella)
18
Q

axial ct in hemophilia

A

kidney can be larger with hemorrhagic collection within (hyperdensity)

19
Q

patho in aplastic anemia

A

immune mediated reduction in pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

20
Q

mri findings in aplastic anemia

A

low signal areas interspersed with high signal areas on spine

21
Q

what does hemochromatosis look like in t1

A

hypointensity, mostly in liver

22
Q

primary hemochromatosis on ct

A

calcifications and metal components = dark

spleen = isodense

23
Q

secondary hemochromatosis on ct

A

liver and spleen are dark

24
Q

skeletal findings in hemochromatosis

A
  • severe joint space narrowing throughout the hand, most marked at metacarpophalangeal joints
  • sclerosis of mcp joints + large osteophytes off metacarpal heads = degenerative disease
  • chondrocalcinosis
  • cppd
25
Q

imaging modality of choice for hemochromatosis

A

mri

26
Q

what is myelofibrosis

A

replacement of bone marrow with collagenous ct

  • extramedullary hematopoiesis
  • progressive splenomegaly
  • anemia
  • variable change in # of granulocytes and platelets
27
Q

radiologic features of myelofibrosis

A 
lymphadenopathy
osteosclerosis (>50 yo)
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
portal hypertension
28
Q

most common primary mediastinal neoplasm in adults

A

lymphoma

29
Q

what is lymphoma

A

mediastinal lymph node enlargement, bilateral and asymmetric

hodgkin lymphoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma*

30
Q

lymphoma type with higher change of thoracic involvement

A

hodgkin disease

31
Q

more likely lymphoma with intrathoracic involvement + mediastinal enlargement

A

hodgkin disease

32
Q

% of patients with disease limited to mediastinum

A 
hd = 25%
nhd = 10%
33
Q

nodal groups for each lymphoma type

A 
hd = anterior and hilar
nhd = middle mediastinal, hilar, juxtaphrenic and posterior
34
Q

more unpredictable and widespread lymphoma

A

nhd = chemotherapy

hd uses radiation therapy

35
Q

most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults

A

multiple myeloma

36
Q

patho in multiple myeloma

A

monoclonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells (produce igg, infiltrate hematopoietic locations)

37
Q

clinical findings in multiple myeloma

A

bone pain
anemia
renal failure/proteinuria

38
Q

how to distinguish bone metastasis from multiple myeloma

A

bm = affects vertebral pedicles > vertebral bodies, rarely involves mandible and distal axial skeleton

39
Q

patterns of multiple myeloma

A
  1. multiple well-defined “punched-out” lytic lesions affecting axial skeleton
  2. diffuse skeletal osteopenia
  3. solitary plasmacytoma (vertebral body or pelvis)
  4. osteosclerosing myeloma

09 Hematology (9 decks)

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