Radical substitution Flashcards

1
Q

What are the conditions required for radical subsitition?

A

UV light

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2
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms

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3
Q

What is a radical?

A

A species with an unpaired electron

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4
Q

What is the chemical notation for a radical?

A

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5
Q

What are the 3 stages of radical substitution?

A

Initiation, propagation and termination

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6
Q

What is the type of bond breaking in radical substitution?

A

Homolytic fission

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7
Q

Why does homolytic fission produce radicals?

A

It breaks covalent bonds equally and each atom takes 1 from the pair

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8
Q

Why is UV radiation required for the reaction?

A

Provide activation energy

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9
Q

What are the two stages in propagation?

A

The halogen radical reacts with the alkane to form a hydrogen halide and alkane radical. This alkane radical then reacts with the halogen to form the haloalkane and halogen radical

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10
Q

What are the key features of the propagation step>

A

You start and end with the same radicals

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11
Q

What are the 3 possible termination stages?

A

The two halide radicals react to form a halogen, the halide radical reacts with the alkane radical to form the haloalkane and the two alkane radicals react to form an alkane

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12
Q

What are limitations of using radical substitution in organic synthesis?

A

Further substitution can occur, substitution at different positions on the C chain can occur and the C chain may change in length

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