Radical Reformers

Question 1

Who was Edmund Burke

Answer 1

MP of Wendover regarded as defender of constitutional settlement of 1688

Question 2

where were Burkes central ideas published

Answer 2

Reflections of Revolution in France 1790

Question 3

what were central ideas of Reflections of Revolution in France 1790

Answer 3

• revolutionary change was always accompanied by violence
• government derives authority from custom and tradition
• liberty must be restrained
• Britans gov. is stable and wise

Question 4

Who was Thomas Paine

Answer 4

Early radical who spent 13 years in us from 1774 where he published common sense then by 1787 travelled to France to support revolution

Question 5

What did Thomas Paine write?

Answer 5

The Rights of Man

Question 6

what were the key ideas of Thomas Paine

Answer 6

equality
freedom
land should be shared
those without land should receive payment form gov.

Question 7

what were key ideas of The Rights of Man

Answer 7

• tradition is not alway a good thing
• gov. should protect all citizens equally
• rights should be introduced to improve peoples lives

Question 8

How many of Paines books were sold

Answer 8

200’000 of part II cheaply

Question 9

Who were the London Corresponding society

Answer 9

An organisation set up for political reform, idea of corresponding societies came from Paine

Question 10

What did the LCS believe

Answer 10

UK people were not adequately represented in parliament

current situation unfair for people because of oppressive taxes, unjust laws and wasting of public money

Question 11

What was total membership of LCS by 1795

Answer 11

over 3000

Question 12

Success of LCS

Answer 12

• Societies held weekly meetings and printed pamphlets
• in 1793, 6000 memebrs signed a petiton to say they supported the resolutions of LCS
• they could attract several thousand people for demonstrations and plans where under way to construct a convention in Edingbrough

Question 13

Why did gov fears of LCS increase

Answer 13

• growth in support for radical societies

- increased violence in France especially execution of King Louis XVI Jan 1793

Question 14

What laws were passed to counter threat posed by LCS

Answer 14

The Royal Proclamation against seditious writings and publications 1792

The suspension of Habeas Corpus 1794

The Treason trials 1794
41 radicals including Hardy were arrested for treason

The treasonable practices act and seditious meeting act 1975

The combination Act 1799

Question 15

Effects of laws passed to stop threat of LCS

Answer 15

by end of 1795 radicalism was silenced and fewer than 200 people were even convicted under the laws

Question 16

Examples of poverty in Britain by 1815

Answer 16

• unemployment arose from Napoleonic Wars in 1815; thousands of ex soilders and sailors looking for work
• New machines in factories replaced skilled workers
• The Corn Laws kept prices of wheat high
• taxes introduced to pay for cost of war
• fluctuating food prices

Question 17

What was Luddism

Answer 17

• 1810-11 many attacts in industrial areas of Notts Lancs and Yorks were workers destroyed new machinery in factories
• William Horsfall who owned mills in huddersfield was assassinated by 4 men

Question 18

How did authorities respond to luddsim

Answer 18

thousands of troops placed in north and midlands and machine breakaway made capital punishment

Question 19

What was national debt in 1815

Answer 19

£861 million so gov place taxes on food making poor worse

Question 20

Why were Corn laws introduced

Answer 20

landowners wanted ban on foreign imports suggesting uk needed to be self-sufficent incase of war and to feed population

Question 21

Who was William Cobbett

Answer 21

influencial radical who became MP for oldham in 1832

Question 22

When did Cobett publish Weekly Political Register

Answer 22

1802

Question 23

How did Cobett influences grow

Answer 23

his language was adopted by wider radical movement
used labels to attack those within gov
influence grow in the harsh winter of 1816 following a poor harvest and he gave a simple solution to people of parliamentary reform

Question 24

examples of cobetts labels

Answer 24

• Placeman - those who received income for places held in gov
• Parasite
• Taxeaters

Question 25

What were radical clubs

Answer 25

places where people gathered to read newspapers and pamphlets about radical ideas

Question 26

Who was Hampden club founded by and when

Answer 26

Hampden club was founded by John Cartwright, 1812

Question 27

Who joined Hampden clubs

Answer 27

Mostly northerners membership was limited

Question 28

What were Hampden clubs aims

Answer 28

achieve manhood suffrage

abolition of corn laws

to get respectable support for reform

Question 29

describe hampden club activities

Answer 29

• producing pamphlets financed by weekly subscriptions

- 1817 organised a campaign to get signatures for a petition in parliament

Question 30

what was the platform

Answer 30

provia place for demonstrations

Question 31

Who was Henry Hunt

Answer 31

Famous radical leader, shared a cell with Cobett and upon his release campaigned for manhood suffrage spoke at Spa Fields 1816 and Peterloo in 1819

Question 32

Hunts beliefs

Answer 32

Hunts fiery speeches made him a hero for the working class
he did not want any riots
mass platform method used

Question 33

What happened in 1816 that affected the poor

Answer 33

harsh weather conditions resulted in poor harvest so there were food shortages exacerbated bad econ. conditions caused by corn law napoleonic wars

Question 34

When was Spa Fields

Answer 34

december 1816

Question 35

how many people attended spa fields

Answer 35

10’000

Question 36

what happened at spa fields

Answer 36

before hunt arrived a small section of the crowd rioted breaking into a gun seizing weapons and marching towards tower of london although most were peaceful

Question 37

what were effects of spa fields

Answer 37

petitons not delivered until 1817 over 700 of them in total although these were ignored due to MP fears

Question 38

how did authorities react

Answer 38

over 300 arrests were made, 1 rioter executed and 4 charged with high treason
gov published gag acts
-suspension of hobbies corpus
-seditious meetings act
-incitement to mutiny

Question 39

what were the Pentritch uprisings

Answer 39

200 unemployed workers began marching from pentritch , derbyshire to nottingham to attack the castle, all armed under leadership of jeremiah Brandeth

Question 40

Why was Pentrich uprising not successful

Answer 40

the group was infiltrated by William Oliver a py

Question 41

describe st peters field manchester 1918

Answer 41

60’000 people attended, 11 people killed, 400 people injured in stampede made by yeomanry

Question 42

six acts

Answer 42

forbidding unauthorised miitary training
giving magistrates emergency powers to search houses
prevent all but small public meetings
prevent evasion of newspaper stamp duty
enable magistarates to seize possesions
prevent delays in trials