radiations

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

smallest building block of matter

Question 2

mass number

Answer 2

total number of protons and neutrons

Question 3

atomic number

Answer 3

number of protons

Question 4

Isotope

Answer 4

an atom with the same numbe rof protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Question 5

ionisation

Answer 5

the removal or addition of electron from an atom

Question 6

activity (Bq)

Answer 6

the number of decays in one second

Question 7

half life

Answer 7

time for the activity of a source to half

Question 8

absorbed does, D, grays, (Gy)

Answer 8

The energy absorbed per kilogram of tissue

Question 9

Equivalent Dose, D (Sv)

Answer 9

The biological harm caused by radiations

Question 10

Fission

Answer 10

a large nucleus splits to produce two smaller nuclei

Question 11

chain reaction

Answer 11

the neutrons released by a fission reaction produce further fission reactions. The process repeats

Question 12

Fusion

Answer 12

Two Smaller nuclei join together to produce one larger nucleus

Question 13

A=N/t

Answer 13

activity

Question 14

D=E/m

Answer 14

absorbed dose

Question 15

H=DwR

Answer 15

Equivalent Dose

Question 16

H(dot)=H/t

Answer 16

Equivalent dose rate

Question 17

the nucleus of the atom contains

Answer 17

positive protons and uncharged neutrons

Question 18

electrons

Answer 18

orbit the nucleus at high speed

Question 19

an atom is neutral

Answer 19

because there is the same of protons and electrons

Question 20

alpha

Answer 20

particle, helium nucleus, absorbed by paper, most ionising

Question 21

beta

Answer 21

particle, fast moving electron, 3mm of aluminium, second most ioning

Question 22

gamma

Answer 22

wave, travels at speed of light, 3cm of lead and 1m of concrete and is the least ionising

Question 23

background radiation comes from

Answer 23

natural and man-made sources

Question 24

the average annual dose of a background radiation

Answer 24

2.2mSv

Question 25

the average effective does rate for a member of the public is

Answer 25

1mSv

Question 26

the average annual effective dose rate for a radiation worker is

Answer 26

20mSv

Question 27

what can detect radiation

Answer 27

a GM tube, photographic film

Question 28

when radiation hits photographic film what will happen

Answer 28

it turns black and fogs

Question 29

what factors affect the biological harm of ionisng radition

Answer 29

absorbed dose
type of radiation
body organs or tissue exposed

Question 30

radiation weighing factor

Answer 30

the higher the rating the more damage the radiation caused

Question 31

radiation weighing factor is given

Answer 31

on the relationship sheet

Question 32

to reduce equivalent dose

Answer 32

• use shielding
  -reduce distance from source
• reduce exposure time

Question 33

the fuel rods

Answer 33

contain the uranium fuel

Question 34

the moderator

Answer 34

slows down neutrons

Question 35

the coolant

Answer 35

transfers energy from reactor to the heat exchanger

Question 36

the containment vessels

Answer 36

absorbs neutrons and ionising radiation

Question 37

disadvantages of nuclear power

Answer 37

-waste products are extremely dangerous

Question 38

advantages of nuclear power

Answer 38

more energy is produced than coal/gas/ no greenhouse gases are produced