Radiation Safety

Question 1

Bremsstrahlung x-rays

Answer 1

makes up most of primary beam, electron bounces off nucleus

Question 2

somatic effects

Answer 2

stochastic (random probability)
carcinogesis
epilation
occurs in the individual exposed

Question 3

most sensitive blood cell?

Answer 3

lymphocytes

Question 4

x-rays are produced when?

Answer 4

fast moving electrons are rapidly decelerating

Question 5

which stage are humans most sensitive to radiation?

Answer 5

embryonic

Question 6

genetic effects

Answer 6

happens in future generations, in ovum

Question 7

characteristic x-rays

Answer 7

electron knocks another electron, outer shell fills the hole

Question 8

gestational dose limit

Answer 8

monthly 0.5 mSv
Total 5.0 mSv

Question 9

filtration for x-ray tubes

Answer 9

2.5mm Al Eq required for all tubes operating above 70 kVp

Question 10

two sources of radiation

Answer 10

natural (sun, elements)
man made (x-ray)

Question 11

principles of exposure reduction

Answer 11

time
distance
shielding

Question 12

what level does an x-ray photon interact with living tissue?

Answer 12

atomic

Question 13

law of Bergonie and Tribondeau

Answer 13

the radio sensitivity of a cell is directly proportional to reproductive rate and is inversely proportional to its degree of differentiation

Question 14

ionization

Answer 14

whenever an atom gains or loses an electron

Question 15

most radio-resistant cells

Answer 15

neurons
muscle cells
RBCs

Question 16

two processes involved in x-ray production

Answer 16

Bremsstrahlung
Characteristic

Question 17

dose limit for general public

Answer 17

5 mSv / yr

Question 18

where does the radiographer get their dose?

Answer 18

the patient/scatter

Question 19

inverse square law

Answer 19

(I1/I2) = (D22 / D12)

Question 20

occupational dose limit + formula

Answer 20

50 mSv
10mSv x age

Question 21

direct hit

Answer 21

x-ray photon hits the DNA molecule and knocks the bases

Question 22

cells degree of specialization

Answer 22

cells know exactly what their job is, less radio sensitive

Question 23

indirect hit

Answer 23

x-ray photon and water molecule, majority of the time (95%)

Question 24

Pb equivalencies

Answer 24

thyroid shield = 0.5mm Pb eq
fluoro/C-arm = 0.5mm Pb eq
Gloves = 0.25mm Pb eq
Glasses = 0.35mm Pb eq