Radiation prox Flashcards
Who was the first casualty of manmade radiation to die in 1904?
Clarence Dally
When was the snook transformer and Coolidge tube created?
Snook - 1907
Coolidge - 1913
___ is the recommended tolderance dose of roentgen/day
.2
When did NCRP get its name?
1946
What is the purposes of public law 97-35?
To provide a minimum standard for the accreditation of education program
Ensure medical and dental rad procedures are consistent with standard
2 origins of radiation
Natural and Manmade
in Natural, what are some ways to receive radiation?
Cosmic Rays and Rad Substances
how much percentage of radiation exposure comes from manmade?
18.
of that 18% manmade exposure, how much is medical?
90%
Particulate Radiation has two types of particles…
Alpha and Beta
which of the particles is heavier and cannot travel far?
Alpha
What type of radiation is X ray and Gamma?
Electromagnetic Radiation
What are the 4 types of UOM?
Exposure, Absorbed Dose, Dose Equivalent, Radioactivity
The sum of the charges of one sign produced by photon irradiation per unit mass, is…
Exposure
what did exposure replace?
Skin Erythema Dose
What is the UOM for Exposure?
Roentgen
1 Roentgen =____
2.58x10 to the -4
when ionization radiation passes through the object, energy of that radiation is transferred by the object. What is this definition of?
Absorbed Dose
What did Absorbed Dose replace?
Exposure
This UOM was developed to modify Absorbed Dose to reflect lvl of biological damage caused by particular radiation
Dose equivalent (EqD) EqD=D x Wr
What is the UOM for Absorbed Dose?
RAD (radiation absorbed Dose)
This unit of measurement is used to measure a nuclide’s transformation rate.
Radioactivity
unit of radioactivity is….
Curie (Ci)
Exposure in System International is…
Coulombs/Kg
SI for absorbed dose is…
Gray(Gy)
What is the ratio of Gy to RAD?
1 : 100, 1 Rad : 0.01 Gy
What is the SI for Dose Equivalent?
Sievert (SV)
what is the relationship of Sv to REM?
1 : 100, 1 REM : 0.01 Sv
Radioactivity in SI is…
Becquerel (Bq)
Ci to Bq…
3.7 x 10 to the tenth Bq : 1 Ci
How do you convert Roentgen to C/Kg? and C/Kg to Roentgen?
Multiply 2.58 x 10 to the -4, Divide to convert C/Kg to R
When converting Rad to Gray and Gray to Rad
Rad to Gray = multiply by 0.01 and Gray to Rad = Divide by 0.01
When converting from REM to Sv and Sv to REM
Multiply by 0.0.1 and Divide 0.01
This Radiation detector is also use to take radiograph and personal dosimetry
Radiographic film
This device is used to measure Radiation intensity
Gas Filled Detectors
Gas filled detectors are highly sensitive, what does this mean?
can detect very low lvl radiation intensity
Sensity = Accuracy T/F?
False
High accuracy = _____
detect and precise measurement
This device can be designed to fxn as rate meter device. Measures X and Gamma Radiation.
ionization chamber
Ionization chamber can accurately measure exposure below ___ keV
100
Ionization chamber can precisely measure output intensity of diagnostic x ray machine, which means they are….
Highly Accurate
This radiation detector can be equipped with audio amplifier and speaker
Gieger counter
Scintillation detectors works based on the
sparkle and twinkle of irradiated materials
What are the 3 Cardinal principles ?
Time, Distance, and Shielding
If radiographer has to hold the pt in emergency ….
stay out of the primary beam
What is the purpose of the beam limiting device?
reduces harmful effects of scatter, limit size of beam, and improve image contrast
This is the simplest of all BLD
Aperture diaphragm
This BLD device is widely used in dental radiography
Cones and Cylinders
What is the most common BLD?
Variable Aperture Collimator (aka positive beam limiting Device)
What are the different types of filtration?
Inherent and added
what makes up inherent filtration?
Glass envelope, insulating oil, and glass window
What happens to filtration as time passes in the inherent filtration?
filtration incr, beam quality incr, and quantity goes down
Added filter is outside the housing unit what is it made up of?
Aluminum
What makes up total filtration?
inherent + added filtration
4 types of compensating filters
Wedge, Bow Tie, Coni, and Trough Filter
When is grid used on body parts?
when its greater than 10 cm thickness
how do you avoid repeats (4 things)?
Proper technique, Proper Positioning, Letter marker, PT ID
