Radiation Protection

Question 1

Twin objectives in radiation protection

Answer 1

Prevent occurrence of deterministic effects and limit probability of stochastic effects to an acceptable level

Question 2

3 types of radiological exposure

Answer 2

Planned, emergency, existing

Question 3

Normal exposures are defined as

Answer 3

Exposures within reasonably predictable magnitudes

Question 4

Unintended exposures or accidents can give rise to what is called

Answer 4

Potential exposure

Question 5

3 categories of both normal and potential exposures

Answer 5

Occupational, public and medical

Question 6

Medical exposure is divided into 3 components, namely

Answer 6

Patient exposure, biomedical research exposure, carers and comforters exposure

Question 7

Defined by ICRP as including all radiation exposures incurred by workers as a result of their work, in situations which can reasonably be regarded as within the responsibility of the employing or operating management

Answer 7

Occupational exposure

Question 8

Largest source of public exposure

Answer 8

Natural sources

Question 9

The annual effective dose per person from medical sources is

Answer 9

0.62 mSv

Question 10

Annual effective dose per person for natural sources

Answer 10

2.4 mSv

Question 11

3 fundamental principles of radiation protection

Answer 11

Principle of justification, principle of optimization of protection, principle of limitation of doses

Question 12

What principle: any decision that alters the radiation exposure situation should do more good than harm

Answer 12

Justification

Question 13

What principle: the likelihood of incurring exposures, the number of people exposed, and the magnitude of their individual doses should all be kept as low as reasonably achievable, taking economic and societal factors into account

Answer 13

Principle of optimization of protection

Question 14

What principle: the total dose to any individual from regulated sources in planned exposure situation other than the medical exposure of patients should not exceed the appropriate limits recommended by the ICRP

Answer 14

Priniciple of limitation of doses

Question 15

Recommended dose limit: occupational effective dose per year

Answer 15

20 mSv

Question 16

Recommended dose limit: public effective dose per year

Answer 16

1 mSv/year

Question 17

Annual equivalent dose for the lens of the eye

Answer 17

Occupational: 20
Public: 15

Question 18

Annual equivalent dose in skin

Answer 18

Occ: 500
Public: 50

Question 19

Annual equivalent dose in hands and feet

Answer 19

Occ:500
Public: n.a

Question 20

International basic safety standards was published in what year

Answer 20

2011

Question 21

Its purpose is to establish basic requirements for protection against exposure to ionizing radiation and for safety of radiation sources that may deliver such exposure

Answer 21

International basic safety standards for radiation protection and safety of radiation sources

Question 22

Has the prime responsibility for applying the relevant national regulations and meeting the conditions of the licence

Answer 22

Licensee and employer

Question 23

Bears the responsibility for setting up and implementing the technical and organisational measures that are needed for ensuring radiation protection and safety

Answer 23

Licensee and employer

Question 24

Defined as a health professional with education and specialist training in the medical uses of radiation and who is competent to perform independently or oversee procedures involving medical exposure in a given specialty

Answer 24

Radiological medical practitioner

Question 25

Generic term used to cover the various terms used throughout the world, such as radiographer and radiological technologist

Answer 25

Medical radiation technologist

Question 26

These are key responsibilities of the ________:

• occupational radiation protection and safety are optimized and that the dose limits for occupational exposure are not exceeded
• a radiation protection programme is established and maintained, including local rules and provision of personal protective equipment
• arrangements are in place for the assessment of occupational exposure thru a personnel monitoring programme
• adequate information, instruction and training on radiation protection and safety are provided

Answer 26

Licensee and employer

Question 27

Provides specialist expertise with respect to radiation protection of the patient. Implements optimization of radiation protection in medical exposures, including calibration of imaging equipment, and responsibilities with regard to image quality and patient dose assessment, and physical aspects of the quality assurance programme, including medical radiological equipment acceptance and commissioning

Answer 27

Medical physicist

Question 28

Provides radiation protection training for medical and health personnel

Answer 28

Medical physicist

Question 29

Has a key role, and their skill and care in the choice of techniques and parameters determine to a large extent the practical realization of the optimization of a given patient’s exposure in many modalities

Answer 29

Medical radiation technologist

Question 30

Has responsibiloties to oversee and implement radiation matters in the facility, but noting that specialist responsibilities for patient radiation protection lie with the medical physicist

Answer 30

Radiation protection officer

Question 31

True or false: dose limits are not applied to patients undergoing medical procedures

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Calibrates all sources used for medical exposures, using dosimeters that have a calibration traceable to a standards dosimetry laboratory

Answer 32

Medical physicist