Radiation protection

Question 1

Which legislation applies to staff?

Answer 1

IRR 2017

Question 2

Which legislation applies to members of the public?

Answer 2

IRR 2017

Question 3

Which legislation applies to the patients?

Answer 3

IRMER - ionising radiations for medical expozures

Question 4

Which legislation applies to the environment?

Answer 4

IRR 2017 and IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)

Question 5

What are the 3 basic parameters that influence the exposure that an individual receives in a radiation field?

Answer 5

Time
distance
sheliding

Question 6

What is the law that is applied to the reduction in radiation dose by increasing the distance?

Answer 6

Inverse square Law

Question 7

What does tripling the distance from the x-ray tube do?

Answer 7

Reduces your exposure by a factor of nine

Question 8

By how many times does doubling the distance from the X-ray tube reduce the exposure?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What does ALARP stand for?

Answer 9

As Low As Reasonably Practical

Question 10

What is Primary radiation?

Answer 10

The radiation directly emitted from the radiation source through the collimator opening and from the radioactive source.

Question 11

What is scatter radiation?

Answer 11

Radiation produced by the scattering of the primary beam from various media struck by the primary beam, such as the patient, collimators, X-ray tables.

Question 12

What is leakage radiation?

Answer 12

Radiation that escapes through the shielded head of an x-ray tube

Question 13

What is a primary barrier?

Answer 13

Where the primary radiation beam strikes the wall, it becomes a primary barrier. This includes the ceiling and floor.

Question 14

What is a secondary barrier?

Answer 14

Protect against scattered and leakage radiation

Question 15

What is a controlled area?

Answer 15

An area in which specific protection measures and safety provisions are required

Question 17

When is shielding used?

Answer 17

When neither time nor distance is an effective method of reducing exposure

Question 18

What are the roles within IRMER?

Answer 18

Employer, Referrer,, Practitioner, Operator, Medical Physics Expert

Question 19

What is the referer responsible for under IRMER?

Answer 19

+ Must be a registered healthcare professional
+ Be identifiable as an accepted referrer
+ must supply sufficient medical data so the practitioner can justify
+ must supply sufficient demographic data to enable the practitioner to correctly identify the patient.

Question 20

What should be included in an imaging referral?

Answer 20

Clinical diagnosis: Clinical findings on examination: Any available histology and any previous imaging.

Area to be examined
pregnancy status

Patient Identification.
Full name
Address with Postcode.
Date of birth.
Hospital or NHS No. if known

Question 21

What are employer responsibilities?

Answer 21

> Providing a framework within which professionals undertake their functions.
These include written procedures/protocols and Quality Assurance programmes.
Must identify who is to act as a referrer, practitioner and operator and ensure they comply with written procedures.
The employer has the responsibility for identifying referral criteria and making sure these are available to referrers.
QA documentation.
Dose constraints for research.
Adequate professional training including CPD, RPS training, Staff competence and training records.
Investigating and reporting incidents,
Clinical Audit
Displaying DRLs
clinical governance

Question 22

What are the responsibilities of a practitioner?

Answer 22

~ Medical professional who justifies and mayauthorise the exposure.
~ Justify the radiation risk to the patient byweighing up risks andbenefits.
~ work within scope of practice and training

Question 23

What are the responsibilities of the operator?

Answer 23

The person who presses the button!
Operator guidelines are the final IR(ME)R check procedure!
YOU MUST JUSTIFY!
Also, ensure the patient has consented to examination!

Question 24

What must be checked during vetting?

Answer 24

Request from an approved referrer.
Recently Dated.
Signed: manually or electronically.
Request matches clinical details.
Request authorised.
Previous Imaging.
Pregnancy.
Carer or comforter.
Imaging views required: refer to Departmental Radiographic Protocols.

Question 25

What is included in post-processing responsibilities?

Answer 25

Record Dose.
Record Number of exposures.
Note a high-dose procedure.
Report an overexposure or when DRL has been exceeded.
Record name of Radiographer.
Date of Procedure,
Carer or Comforter present.
Pregnancy status