Radiation protection

Question 1

define exposure?

Answer 1

measurement of ionization in air produced by x-ray
-only used for x-ray and gamma rays
3-measurs anmout of energy that reaches the surface of organism

Question 2

unit of exposure?

Answer 2

Roentgen (R)

Question 3

define dose? and what is the unit?

Answer 3

amount of energy absorbed by tissues
-the traditional unit is Rad
-in SI it is Gray
-applied to all form of energy

Question 4

define dose equivalent?

Answer 4

it compares the biologic effects of different types of radiation

Question 5

what is the unit for dose equivalent?

Answer 5

traditional = ram
SI unit = sievert (Sv)

Question 6

what is the Sievert used in dentistry?

Answer 6

1/10 to the power of 6

Question 7

what is the quality factors for different radiations?

Answer 7

x-rays, beta particles and gamma = 1
protons, low energy neutrons = 5
alpha particle, high energy neutrons = 20

Question 8

define the effective dose?

Answer 8

the sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all of the tissue and organs of the body affected by ionizing radiation

-unit is Sv

Question 9

radiation protection, before exposure

Answer 9

1-appropriate prescribing of radiographs
based on individual need, should be taken after clinical examination

2-use of proper equipment

Question 10

what are the proper equipment of x-ray?

Answer 10

1-aluminum filters
2-lead collimator
3-PID

Question 11

filtration is measured in?

Answer 11

mm

Question 12

what is the total filtration?

Answer 12

inherent filtration + additional filtration

Question 13

which collimators shape is better?

Answer 13

rectangular

Question 14

radiation protection, during exposure

Answer 14

1-lead apron and thyroid collar
2-fast film (e, or f)
3-film holding device
4-exposure factor selection
5-proper technique

Question 15

thyroid collar not recommended in ?

Answer 15

extra oral radiography

Question 16

radiation protection, after exposure

Answer 16

1-proper film handling
2-proper film processing

Question 17

the dental radiographer must avoid exposure to?

Answer 17

1-primary radiation
2=scatter radiation
3-leakage radiation

Question 18

protection guidelines include recommendation on

Answer 18

1-shielding (outside x- ray room or behind wall)
2-distance
3-position
4-radiation monitoring

Question 19

operator should stand at least?

Answer 19

6 feet away from source of x-ray

Question 20

area of least beam scatter is?

Answer 20

between 90 and 135 degree

Question 21

equipment monitoring include?

Answer 21

1-leakage radiation
2-personneal monitoring (they must some type of monitoring device to determine the amount of accumulated exposure to radiation

Question 22

for occupationally exposed workers, whole body exposure should not exceed?

Answer 22

0.05 Sv per year