Radiation protection Flashcards

1
Q

define exposure?

A

measurement of ionization in air produced by x-ray
-only used for x-ray and gamma rays
3-measurs anmout of energy that reaches the surface of organism

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2
Q

unit of exposure?

A

Roentgen (R)

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3
Q

define dose? and what is the unit?

A

amount of energy absorbed by tissues
-the traditional unit is Rad
-in SI it is Gray
-applied to all form of energy

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4
Q

define dose equivalent?

A

it compares the biologic effects of different types of radiation

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5
Q

what is the unit for dose equivalent?

A

traditional = ram
SI unit = sievert (Sv)

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6
Q

what is the Sievert used in dentistry?

A

1/10 to the power of 6

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7
Q

what is the quality factors for different radiations?

A

x-rays, beta particles and gamma = 1
protons, low energy neutrons = 5
alpha particle, high energy neutrons = 20

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8
Q

define the effective dose?

A

the sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all of the tissue and organs of the body affected by ionizing radiation

-unit is Sv

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9
Q

radiation protection, before exposure

A

1-appropriate prescribing of radiographs
based on individual need, should be taken after clinical examination

2-use of proper equipment

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10
Q

what are the proper equipment of x-ray?

A

1-aluminum filters
2-lead collimator
3-PID

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11
Q

filtration is measured in?

A

mm

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12
Q

what is the total filtration?

A

inherent filtration + additional filtration

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13
Q

which collimators shape is better?

A

rectangular

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14
Q

radiation protection, during exposure

A

1-lead apron and thyroid collar
2-fast film (e, or f)
3-film holding device
4-exposure factor selection
5-proper technique

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15
Q

thyroid collar not recommended in ?

A

extra oral radiography

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16
Q

radiation protection, after exposure

A

1-proper film handling
2-proper film processing

17
Q

the dental radiographer must avoid exposure to?

A

1-primary radiation
2=scatter radiation
3-leakage radiation

18
Q

protection guidelines include recommendation on

A

1-shielding (outside x- ray room or behind wall)
2-distance
3-position
4-radiation monitoring

19
Q

operator should stand at least?

A

6 feet away from source of x-ray

20
Q

area of least beam scatter is?

A

between 90 and 135 degree

21
Q

equipment monitoring include?

A

1-leakage radiation
2-personneal monitoring (they must some type of monitoring device to determine the amount of accumulated exposure to radiation

22
Q

for occupationally exposed workers, whole body exposure should not exceed?

A

0.05 Sv per year