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CDA Review > Radiation Health & Safety > Flashcards

Radiation Health & Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What length do PID’s typically come in?

A

8 and 16 inches

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2
Q

Who should hold the film for a child that is unable to cooperate for a necessary dental x-ray?

A

The parent or caregiver

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3
Q

What is the position on the patient’s face where the central x-ray beam is aimed?

A

Point of entry

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4
Q

Premolar BW’s should include:

A

The distal half of the cuspid crown

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5
Q

After exposure to developing solution and rinsing, which is the next solution during film processing that is necessary to dip films into?

A

Fixer solution removes unexposed crystals from the film, creating the clear areas on the film.

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6
Q

What protective device should be worn by every patient that is having dental x-rays taken?

A

Lead aprons should be worn by every patient. The lead apron protects the vital organs from radiation exposure.

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7
Q

What type of radiation is due to faulty x-ray tubeheads?

A

Leakage radiation is when it escapes in different directions, due to faulty equipment.

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8
Q

What is the radiolucent line that extends through the area near the lower molars?

A

The mandibular canal houses the nerve tissue and appears radiolucent

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9
Q

What is the metal disk that acts as a filter, which has a small opening to allow x-ray beams to leave the tubehead?

A

Collimators reduce the size and shape of x-ray beams as they leave the tubehead, acting as a filter for the beam.

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10
Q

What type of film allows the entire dentition to be viewed on a single film?

A

Panoramic films

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11
Q

What type of device does digital radiography use to record images taken of the patient’s teeth?

A

Electronic sensors are used in lieu of standard x-ray films.

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12
Q

What step helps prevent a large radiolucent area near the palate as seen on panoramic x-rays?

A

Having the patient place their tongue on the roof of their mouth.

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13
Q

What method helps reduce exposure to radiation in all methods?

A

ALARA: As Low As Reasonably Achievable helps reduce radiation exposure.

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14
Q

What control adjusts the film shades of grey, black and white in an x-ray?

A

kVp settings adjusts the grey, black and white. A higher contrast in color will make fillings and pathology more obvious.

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15
Q

What amount of radiation produces very little chance of injury?

A

MPD, Maximum Permissible Dose. The limit for occupationally exposed individuals.

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16
Q

When the vertical angulation of the x-ray beam is to low, it will cause:

A

Elongation

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17
Q

What type of radiation effects are passed on to future generations?

A

Genetic radiation effects are due to damage of reproductive cells and are passed on to future generations.

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18
Q

Radiographs should be taken:

A

As needed. Each patient’s dental needs are different.

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19
Q

What settings control the density of an x-ray?

A

mA (milliamperage)will change how dense an x-rays appearance will be. Higher mA will result in darker film.

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20
Q

A thyroid collar:

A

Is designed to be apart from or attached to a lead apron during radiographs.

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21
Q

Processing solutions are considered to be:

A

Hazardous chemicals. Processing solutions should require PPE during handling and use of appropriate disposal methods.

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22
Q

What is a bundle of energy that has no weight or mass?

A

Photons

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23
Q

What makes it possible to produce duplicate sets of radiographs without additional radiation or the need to use a duplicating machine?

A

Using double film packets allows 2 films to be exposed at one time.

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24
Q

The ____ the wavelength, the greater the energy.

A

Shorter.

Shorter wavelengths have higher energy and penetrate matter easier than longer wavelengths.

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25
Q

Who should hold the film for a child that is unable to cooperate for a necessary dental xray?

A

The parent or caregiver

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26
Q

Contrast of the xray is controlled by?

A

kVp

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27
Q

What is the amount of radiation energy that is absorbed by body tissue called?

A

Absorbed dose

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28
Q

The different shades of gray on an x-ray film is called:

A

Contrast

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29
Q

Density, or overall darkness of an xray is controlled by what setting?

A

mA

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30
Q

How many tanks are inside an automatic processor?

A

3 tanks: developer, fixer, and water tanks

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31
Q

X-rays are a type of what kind of radiation?

A

Electromagnetic radiation includes: radio, light, t.v., and xrays. The wavelengths are a straight line with wavelike motions.

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32
Q

What type of radiation occurs in large dosages in a short amount of time?

A

Acute radiation exposure: an example would be a nuclear accident.

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33
Q

Who is responsible for ordering dental radiographs on each patient?

A

The dentist

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34
Q

What type of PID provides less spread of x-ray beam radiation?

A

Long PIDs prevent spread of xray beams.

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35
Q

What improper placement can cause misdiagnosis on BW xrays?

A

Incorrect horizontal angulation can cause overlapping of proximal surfaces and lead to misdiagnosis.

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36
Q

What type of genetic radiation affects a parent but is not passed on to future generations?

A

Somatic radiation does not damage reproductive cells.

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37
Q

What part of the x-ray tubehead has a tungsten block inside a copper stem that acts as a target for electrons?

A

Anode

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38
Q

The aluminum filter in an xray tubehead fitlers out:

A

Longer wavelengths.

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39
Q

What is the metal disk that acts as a filter which has a small opening to allow x-ray beams to leave the tubehead?

A

Collimator

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40
Q

1 rad - ____ Gy.

A

0.01

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41
Q

Filtration of an x-ray beam with an aluminum disk:

A

Strengthens the beam.

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42
Q

How often should BW radiographs be prescribed by a doctor?

A

When necessary due to patient needs and predispositions

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43
Q

The white side of intraoral film should always face:

A

Toward the teeth. If place away, the lead film will interfere with the x-ray beam reaching the film inside the packet.

44
Q

What is the period of time between exposure to radiation and the time when the effects become evident?

A

Latent period

45
Q

If a film is not exposed long enough, when it is processed it will appear:

A

Too light

46
Q

1 rem - ____ Sv.

A

0.01

47
Q

White splotches on a developed xray may be due to:

A

Splashes of fixer on the film prior to processing

48
Q

What is the radiolucent line area around the root of the tooth as it appears on the x-ray?

A

Periodontal ligament space

49
Q

What is the MPD for an occupationally exposed pregnant woman?

A

0.005 Sv is the maximum permissible does for occupationally exposed pregnant women.

50
Q

A wet reading can be done when the x-ray film is:

A

Removed from the fixer after 3 minutes

51
Q

The longer a duplicating film is exposed to light the __ the film will become.

A

Lighter.

light passes through to the duplicating film, it makes it lighter, the opposite of dental xrays.

52
Q

What is used to restrict the size and shape of an xray beam?

A

Collimation

53
Q

Temperatures of developer chemicals in an automatic processor should range between:

A

80-95 degrees

54
Q

The larger the size of crystals on a film, ___________.

A

The faster the film speed.

Large crystals are more sensitive and require less radiation.

55
Q

What is the fastest intraoral film available

A

F-speed film

56
Q

What is the recommended size of x-ray beams, which are targeted toward the patient’s face for dental radiographs?

A

2.75”

57
Q

What defines the overall blackness on a dental xray?

A

Density

58
Q

FMX series consist of:

A

18-20 films, 14 PA’s and 4-6 BWs

59
Q

When mounting radiographs, the ADA recommends that the embossed dot should:

A

Face toward the practitioner. This allows the practitioner to determine which side of the film is up and which side fo the face it belongs to.

60
Q

Where is the film placed when occlusal films are taken?

A

Directly against the occlusal surgace, with the patient gently biting on the film

61
Q

After processing a film, it comes out completely clear. What is the probable cause?

A

X-ray machine did not expose the film.

62
Q

What type of x-ray would be most appropriate to view the root apex of tooth #28

A

Periapical (PA) film

63
Q

What produces a higher energy x-ray beam that provides more penetration?

A

Filtration

64
Q

Blurred images on a film may be caused by:

A

The patient moving

65
Q

What technique places film in line with the long axis of the teeth to be radiographed?

A

Paralleling

66
Q

What size film is appropriate for use as a PA on an upper incisor?

A

Size 1 is most appropriate fro upper anterior PAs

67
Q

What occurs when the xray beam is not centered with the xray film?

A

Cone cutting

68
Q

Why does digital radiography require less radiation than traditional xrays?

A

Sensors are more sensitive

69
Q

What determines the film speed?

A

Size of crystals in the emulsion coating on an xray film.

70
Q

What is the most effective way to reduce a patients exposure to xrays?

A

Use of fast-speed film. Fast speed film is rated in a range of A to F.

71
Q

What is the radiolucent line that extends through the area near the lower molars?

A

Mandibular canal. It houses nerve tissue that appears radiolucent.

72
Q

Adjustment of what setting can change the contrast on a dental radiograph?

A

kVp - Kilovolt peak

73
Q

What anatomical landmark helps determine a mandibular from a maxillary tooth when mounting radiographs?

A

Maxillary sinus. The slope of the jawbone can act as a crutch when mounting films but is not a landmark.

74
Q

What is the stream of radiation called that is emitted from the x-ray unit?

A

Primary radiation

75
Q

What type of radiation is less penetrating than others and is given after the initial x-ray beam comes into contact with the patient?

A

Secondary radiation

76
Q

What controls the amount of electrons that are produced in an x-ray beam?

A

mA

77
Q

What is used to measure the amount of radiation exposure for dental care workers?

A

Pocket dosimeter, also called film badges

78
Q

MPD for an occupational exposed person is:

A

0.05 Sv. Maximum Permisable Dose

79
Q

What is the first solution that the films encounter during processing?

A

Developer. Softens the emulsion on the film, partially processing them.

80
Q

What type of radiation occurs when x-rays are deflected by impact with other objects, such as the patient’s face?

A

Scatter radiation

81
Q

What type of xray would be most appropriate when screening for interproximal recurrent decay

A

BW x-ray

82
Q

A periapical film that contains only the crown portion of the teeth would be due to:

A

Inadequate film placement

83
Q

To reduce exposure, it is better to stand where in relation to the primary beam?

A

At a right angle

84
Q

What type of radiation is when someone is exposed to small amounts of radiation over a long period of time?

A

Chronic radiation exposure

85
Q

The curve of Spee:

A

Curves up toward the distal teeth.

86
Q

What part of the x-ray tube generates electrons?

A

Cathode is the tungsten filament where the electrons are generated.

87
Q

What type of radiation comes from natural sources?

A

Background radiation comes from natural sources like radioactive materials in the ground.

88
Q

What type of radiograph is used b orthodontists in regads to the profile of a patients face?

A

Cephalometric radiographs show the side view of the facial bones which aid in profile analysis in orthodontic treatment.

89
Q

Who owns the dental radiographs in a file at a dental practice?

A

The dentist

90
Q

A shorter object to film distance:

A

Limits distortion

91
Q

When using the paralleling technique, in what direction is the x-ray beam aimed?

A

90 degrees

92
Q

What is the exposure limit called for those that are exposed to radiation as part of their occupation when taking safety measures?

A

MPD - Maximum permissible dose

93
Q

What size film is usually used for occlusal x-rays?

A

Size 4

94
Q

After exposure to developing solution and rinsing, which is the next solution during film processing that is necessary to dip films into?

A

Fixer solution removes exposed crystals from the film creating the clear areas on the film.

95
Q

A panoramic x-ray that exhibits ghost images across the film may be do to:

A

Failure to remove jewelry

96
Q

What technique is the preferred exposure method for digital sensors

A

Paralleling

97
Q

What does MPD stand for?

A

maximum permissible dose

98
Q

Molar BW film should be place:

A

Centered over the 2nd molar

99
Q

A longer PID results in:

A

Less magnification

100
Q

Straight black marks through the corners of an x-ray film may be due to:

A

Bending of film

101
Q

What is the effect of x-rays in humans that causes disruption of cell structure and damage to living tissues?

A

Ionization occurs when x-rays come into contact with tissues

102
Q

What is the radiolucent area viewable on x-rays near the root of the first molar?

A

Mental foramen is a circular radiolucent area

103
Q

Always stand at least ___ feet away from an x-ray unit during use.

A

6 feet if a barrier is not available

104
Q

What is used to control the penetrating power of an x-ray?

A

kV - kilavoltage sector is used to control penetrating abilities or quality of an x-ray beam.

105
Q

What type of radiation is due to faulty x-ray tubeheads?

A

Leakage radiation escapes in different directions

CDA Review (1 decks)

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