Radiation Effects On DNA, Chromosomes And Cells Flashcards
What are the 3 levels that biological damage may be observed at?
Molecular
Cellular
Organic
What will molecular damage effect?
DNA and RNA
What does cellular damage effect?
Cell structure
Can we see molecular damage?
No
When can we see damage?
Cellular and organic levels
If we are able to see damage where did it begin?
The molecular level
What results from molecular damage?
The formation of structurally changed molecules that may impair cellular functioning
What are the levels information in a chromosome?
Chromosome contains genes and genes contain DNA
What are the four categories of radiation effects on DNA?
Base damage
Single strand breaks
Double strand breaks
Cross-links or cross-linking
What is base damage?
A mutation
A change or a loss of a base
What happens in a single strand break?
A break in the backbone of one chain of a DNA molecule
What happens in a double strand breaks?
There is a break in both chains of the DNA molecule
What happens in cross-links or crosslinking?
Infrastrand or interstrand connections
Describe the what happens in a single strand break
Ionizing radiation comes in and interacts with the DNA molecule.
The transfer of energy ruptures one of the chemical bonds. (Either the phosphate backbone or the bond between a nitrogenous base)
What is the easiest type of damage (with a DNA molecule) to repair
Single strand break
What decides the severity of the damage in a double strand breaks?
Where the damage is. The closer together it is or if it is in the same rung it will be harder to repair.
What happens if there is a double strand breaks in the same rung?
A cleaved or broken chromosome
Can a broken
A cleaved or broken chromosome
