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Roentgenology > Radiation Biology > Flashcards

Radiation Biology Flashcards

1
Q

This theory states that cell damage occurs when ionizing radiation passes through a structure, e.g. DNA of the cell

A

Direct theory of radiation injury

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2
Q

This theory states that cell damage occurs when cell absorbs x-ray and interacts with water, forming toxins through the reaction this formation of toxins will cause cell damage

A

Indirect theory of radiation injury

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3
Q

This biologic effect of radiation does not have a threshold dose

A

Stochastic effect

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4
Q

All cells of the body except sex cells are affected in this type of stochastic effect

A

Somatic effect

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5
Q

Reproductive cells of the body are affected in this type and may cause congenital abnormalities or mental retardation; happens during 2-9 weeks after conception

A

Genetic effect

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6
Q

This biologic effect of radiation has a threshold dose and is proportional to the dose received

A

Deterministic effect

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7
Q

What is the sequence of radiation injury?

A
  1. Latent period
  2. Period of injury
  3. Recovery period
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8
Q

Period from time of exposure up to the time before the biologic effects are seen

A

Latent period

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9
Q

Period where biologic effects or changes are seen or experienced

A

Period of injury

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10
Q

5 factors of radiation injury

A
  1. Total dose
  2. Dose rate
  3. Amount of tissue irradiated
  4. Cell sensitivity
  5. Age
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11
Q

Quantity of radiation received

A

Total dose

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12
Q

Dose per period of time

A

Dose rate

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13
Q

2 types of radiation effects

A
  1. Short term effects
  2. Long term effects
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14
Q

Acute radiation syndrome; immediate effects upon exposure to radiation. May include vomiting, diarrhea hair loss, hemorrhage, etc. after exposure to large amount of radiation

A

Short term effects

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15
Q

Associated with small amounts of radiation absorbed repeatedly over a long period of time

A

Long term effects

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16
Q

This is a radiation effect on cell wherein cells that are more frequently dividing are more prone to cell damage by radiation

A

Mitotic activity

17
Q

This is a radiation effect on cell wherein undifferentiated cells or immature cells are more prone to radiation damage

A

Cell differentiation

18
Q

This is a radiation effect on cell wherein cells with higher metabolism are more sensitive to radiation damage

A

Cell metabolism

19
Q

Most radiosensitive cells in the body; which is why many people have leukemia

A

Lymphocytes

20
Q

These cells are also radiosensitive

A

Reproductive cells

21
Q

Cells that are most resistant to radiation

A

Osteocytes

22
Q

Radioresistant structures

A

Bones, muscles, nerves

23
Q

Traditional radiation measurements

A

Roentgen (R)
Radiation absorbed dose (rad)
Roentgen equivalent in man (rem)

24
Q

SI system radiation measurements

A

Coulombs per kilogram (C/kg)
Gray (Gy)
Sievert (Sv)

25
Q

What is the measurement of ionization in air? What is its unit of measurement?

A

Exposure
R or C/kg

26
Q

What is the amount of energy absorbed by a tissue? What is its unit of measurement?

A

Dose
rad or Gy

27
Q

What is used to compare the biologic effect of different types of radiation? What is its unit of measurement?

A

Dose equivalent
rem or Sv

28
Q

What is the dose for the thyroid gland to feel a biologic effect?

A

6000 mrad (0.06 Gy)

29
Q

In the bone marrow, leukemia is induced most likely at doses of?

A

5000 mrad (0.05 Gy) or more

30
Q

What is the dose in the skin wherein a 14-day period causes erythema or reddening of the skin?

A

250 rad (2.5 Gy)

31
Q

How many dose is necessary in the eyes to induce cataract formation in the eyes?

A

200,000 mrad (2 Gy)

32
Q

Formally defined as an area of exposed irradiated bone tissue that fails to heal over a period of three months, without residual or recurrent tumor; and when other causes of osteonecrosis have been excluded

A

Bone

33
Q

Rampant form of dental decay

A

Radiation caries

34
Q

Trouble with chewing and swallowing

A

Xerostomia

Roentgenology (6 decks)

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