radiation, atomic mass and structure

Question 1

describe the general model of an atom

Answer 1

has a nucleus composed of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud equal to the amount of protons if a stable element

Question 2

difference between mass number and atomic number

Answer 2

mass number is = to relative atomic mass and atomic number is no. of protons in the element or isotope

Question 3

what is an isotope

Answer 3

Isotopes are derivatives of elements that have the same no. of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Isotopes are often radioactive.

Question 4

describe the three types of radiation

Answer 4

alpha: loss of a helium atom
beta: loss of an electron
gamma: waves

Question 5

order the types radiation from most to least radioactive

Answer 5

gamma > beta > alpha in radioactivity and penetration

Question 6

what is the strong nuclear force

Answer 6

The strong nuclear force is essentially the energy that holds the world together.

It is independent of charge and acts between protons and neutrons, holding them together.

Question 7

what is relative isotopic mass

Answer 7

the average mass of an element with consideration of all its isotopes and their abundances, this is the mass number on the periodic table

Question 8

waht is relative molecular mass

Answer 8

sum of the weights of the atoms as given in the molecular formula

e.g HCl = 1 + 35.45 = 36.45 u or g depending on mols

Question 9

what is percentage mass ratio

Answer 9

it is the ingredient box of a compound, basically percentage of mass in a compound per element

Question 10

define ionisation energy

Answer 10

ionisation energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state

Question 11

is there more than one ionisation energy?

Answer 11

There is more than more than one ionization energy if there is more than one electron in the shell

Question 12

define first ionization energy

Answer 12

The first ionization energy is the energy required to remove the first electron from the gaseous base

Question 13

as an element gains more electron shells what happens to the ionisation energy

Answer 13

becomes lower

Question 14

what is a flame test

Answer 14

a qualitative assessment to confirm metals are present in certain substances

Question 15

what is the ground state of an atom

Answer 15

the ground state of an atom is the lowest energy state of an atom

Question 16

how are electrons arranged energy wise to the atom

Answer 16

Electrons in an atom tend to be arranged in a way so that the energy of the atom is as low as possible

Question 17

what is the excited state of the atom

Answer 17

Excited state is when the potential energy is higher than ground state

Question 18

is the absorption spectrum more colour or black

Answer 18

colour as it absorbs more colours

Question 19

is the emission spectrum more colour or black

Answer 19

black as it emits only certain spectra

Question 20

note

Answer 20

emission spectrum is the opposite of absorption spectrum, essentially equals to a whole colour spectrum

Question 21

REVISE

Answer 21

electron configuration and orbitals

Question 22

outline bohr model

Answer 22

Describes electrons existing in stable energy levels at different radial distances form the nucleus

These energy levels are referred to as electron shells

Pattern = 2n^2

Electrons fill the lowest energy levels first