Radiation

Question 1

Half-life?

Answer 1

Time it takes for the activity to fall by half

Question 2

How does pipeline leak cheching work?

Answer 2

A radioactive source producing gamma rays is put into the pipe. Someone walks above the pipe with a geirger-muller tube if it is detected there is a leak

Question 3

Industrical uses of radiation

Answer 3

Pipeline leak checking,controling the thickness of sheet materials, smoke detectors

Question 4

medical uses of radiation

Answer 4

sterilising equitment,radio therapy, radioactive tracers

Question 5

Effects of inionising radiation on living tissue

Answer 5

kills the cells in the living tissue

Question 6

how to calculate half life from numerical data

Answer 6

find how many half lifes have happend- draw arrow until have required value

Question 7

how to calculate half life from a graph

Answer 7

find intail value number on graph, half of intial value number of graph , then half-first

Question 8

experiment to measure the half life of a radioactive material

Answer 8

measure the activity then later measure again, find the half life

Question 9

structre of an atom

Answer 9

proton-positve-nuclues
neutron-nutral-nucleus
electron-negative-orbitaing

Question 10

why are some atoms radioactive

Answer 10

have an ustable nucli and too much energy

Question 11

how do atoms become stable

Answer 11

by emmiting radiation(Particles or electromagnic waves)

Question 12

ionistaion

Answer 12

when an atom gains or loses an electron

Question 13

ion

Answer 13

an atom that has lost or gained an electron

Question 14

three types of inonising radiation

Answer 14

Alpha,beta,gamma rays

Question 15

alpha radiation

Answer 15

made up of alpha particles which consits of two nutrons and protons (helium nuclues),most inoning,stopped by paper or skin, range of a few cm

Question 16

beta radiation

Answer 16

made up of high energy electrons,middle ionising,stopped byy few cm of aluiminim or body tissue, range of a few meters

Question 17

gamma ray radiation

Answer 17

maade up of high energy electromgaitic waves,least inoinsing,stopped by several cm of lead or meter of concreate,long range

Question 18

background radiation

Answer 18

background radation is mainly natral radiation that is consantly around us

Question 19

natural sources of background radiation

Answer 19

randon gas from the ground,buildings and the ground,cosmic rays,food and drink

Question 20

aritifical sources of background radiation

Answer 20

nucllear power and wepons testing, medical

Question 21

experiment to measure background radiation

Answer 21

connect a geiger-muller tube to an electronic counter, count for 60secs note down how many repeat 3 more times, find the background raiation then do average count divided by 60secs

Question 22

what is activity

Answer 22

number of distergrations per second

Question 23

unit for activity

Answer 23

bequerels (Bq)

Question 24

formula for activity

Answer 24

a=n/t

Question 25

How do smoke detectors work?

Answer 25

Contains a mild radioactive source. Emminted radiation causes ionisation in nearby particles. So current flows in circut. When smoke enters radiation is abosrbed so circut breaks. Alarm then sounds

Question 26

How does serilisation work

Answer 26

instruments are exposed to high intensity gamma ray source then kill all living material on it

Question 27

How does controlling the thickness or material work

Answer 27

Radiation is emmited above the sheet and deteced below if the thickness increase, radiation decreases

Question 28

How does radio therapy work

Answer 28

Treatment for some cancers require intense radiation that kills the cancer cells but healthy cells also damaged

Question 29

how does radioactive tracers work

Answer 29

A radioactive liquid is injected into the patient doctors that can detect the radiation and check everthing is working how it should be.