Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physics n5 > RADIATION > Flashcards

RADIATION Flashcards

PRELIM

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Definition of atom

A

every substance is made up of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of proton

A

a particle found at the centre of an atom, has a positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of neutron

A

a particle found at the centre of an atom, has no charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of electron

A

a particle found orbiting the nucleus of an atom, negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

definition of nucleus

A

the centre of an atom, consists of protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

definition of alpha radiation (α)

A

a type of ionising radiation, consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons may be called a HELIUM NUCLEUS, highly ionising, positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

definition of beta radiation (β)

A

a type of ionising radiation, consists of an electron, FAST MOVING ELECTRON, negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

definition of gamma radiation

A

a type of penetrating radiation, it is a high energy electromagnetic wave, consist of no mass & no charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

definition of ionisation

A

when an atom gains or loses an electron the result is a charged ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

definition of penetration

A

the ability for radiation to go through materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

definition of activity

A

the number of nuclear decays per second, with the unit becquerel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

definition of background radiation

A

radiation that is always present everywhere ,may come from natural sources or man made made sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

definition of risks

A

handling radiation has risks for example to much exposure can cause cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

safety surrounding radiation

A

when handling radiation safety should be considered such as distance from source and using forceps and shielding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

definition of absorbed dose

A

the quantity of energy absorbed per kg from radioactive decay, with unit gray (Gy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

definition of equivalent dose

A

the effect the absorbed does will have when considering the type of radioactive decay that accord, with the unit Sieverts (sv)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

definition of equivalent dose rate

A

the equivalent dose absorbed over a certain time, this will have units such as Sieverts per year (Sv y^-1),Sievert per hour(Sv H^-1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

definition of radiation weighting factor

A

a quantity that the absorbed dose must be multiplied by to calculate the equivalent dose, all types of radiation have values of this (on sheet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define medicine in radiation

A

nuclear radiation can be used in medicine, for example x ray imaging can be used to detect broken bones, can also be used to kill cancerous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

definition of half life

A

the time taken for activity of a nuclear source to half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

definition of fission

A

Nuclear fission is the process by which energy is released when a large atom is hit by a neutron, becomes unstable and splits into two or more smaller pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

definition of fusion

A

Nuclear fusion is when two small, light nuclei join together to make one heavy nucleus

23
Q

what is the average annual equivalent dose background radiation in uk

A

2.2mSv

24
Q

what is the annual equivalent dose limit for people in the uk

A

1mSv

25
Q

what is the annual equivalent dose limit for radiation workers in the uk

A

20mSv

26
Q

A=N/T

A

activity = number of decays / time
N= AT

27
Q

D=E/M

A

absorbed dose =energy /mass
E=DM

28
Q

H= Dwr

A

equivalent dose = absorbed dose * radiation weighting factor

29
Q

H^. =H/T

A

equivalent dose aret = equivalent dose / time
H=H^.T

30
Q

Which type of radiation ionises the least

A

Gamma

31
Q

What type of radiation ionises the most

A

Alpha

32
Q

What is alpha radiation absorbed by

A

Paper

33
Q

What is beta radiation absorbed by

A

Aluminium

34
Q

What is gamma radiation absorbed by

A

10cm lead

35
Q

What makes an atom uncharged

A

If the numbers of protons are equal to the number of electrons

36
Q

Name a natural source of radiation

A

Cosmic Ray, animals, some rocks, soil and plants

37
Q

How does radioactive decay happen

A

Spontaneously

38
Q

Source of artificial radiation

A

Dental xray, xrays, screening mammography, adult abdominal ct, neonatal abdominal ct

39
Q

What does fission mean

A

Splitting apart of atoms

40
Q

What does fusion mean

A

Joining together

41
Q

Define chain reaction

A

If the process keeps going, a chain reaction will occur, giving out huge amounts of energy in a way in which it is difficult to control.

42
Q

Advantage of nuclear energy

A

Nuclear power requires little fuel to create huge amounts of energy,
Unlike fossil fuels,nuclear fuel does not release huge amounts of greenhouse gases into the air
Fossil fuels are running out, so nuclear fuel provides a convenient way of producing electricity

43
Q

Disadvantage of nuclear power

A

A serious accident in a nuclear power station is a major disaster and can cause major harm across the world,
Nuclear power stations produce radioactive waste, some of which is hard to deal with,
After a few decades nuclear power stations will have to be decommissioned

44
Q

Cons of nuclear fusion

A

Requires extremely high temperatures
Requires high pressures
Very expensive

45
Q

Pros of nuclear fusion

A

Release even more energy per kg of fuel,
Make less radioactive emissions
Uses “cleaner” fuel isotopes of hydrogen made from water and lithium

46
Q

Define plasma

A

A hot electrically charged gas

47
Q

What is the name for the project trying to create fusion on earth in europe

A

ITER (international thermonuclear experimental reactor) and the device is called TOKAMAK

48
Q

Where does nuclear fusion naturally occur

A

Naturally in stars eg the sun

49
Q

Use of nuclear energy

A

Medical diagnosis, cancer treatment, dating, sterilization

50
Q

Unit of absorbed energy

A

Gy gray

51
Q

Unit of equivalent dose

A

Sv sievert

52
Q

Unit of energy absorbed

A

Joule j

53
Q

Unit of mass

A

Kg

54
Q

Unit of exposure dose rate

A

Sievert per sec (Sv s^-1)

physics n5 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions