Radiation Flashcards
What are the three types of radiation?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
What can absorb Beta Particles?
2-3 mm of Aluminium
State the range of all three types of radiation in air.
Alpha - 2cm
Beta - 2 m
Gamma - infinity
What particles causes the most ionisation?
Alpha
True or False ?
Ionisation is when an atom gains and electron.
True.
It is also true if it looses one
Give the definition for the following three radiationsβ¦
- Alpha
-Beta
-Gamma
Alpha- A Helium Nucleus ( 2 Protons + 2 neutrons )
Beta- A fast moving Electron
Gamma- An electromagnetic wave
State 3 examples of artificial sourced of background radiation.
- Nucleur Waste
- Fallout from weapons testing
- Medical Use ( X-rays )
What is meant by the term Activity?
And what equation can be used to calculate it ?
The number of nuclear disintegrations ( decays ) per second.
A= N/t
What is the activity of the radioactive source if it has an initial activity of 40,000Bq and a half life of 5 minutes after 15 of them?
5000Bq
What are three things does the biological effect of radiation depend on?
- The absorbed dose
- Type of radiation
- Type of tissue absorbing the radiation
State what the absorbed dose is and what is needed to calculate it.
Absorbed dose- The energy absorbed by 1kg of mass absorbing material
- Energy Absorbed/ mass of tissue
What is meant by the equivalent dose and what two things are needed to calculate it?
Equivalent dose- A measure of the biological harm that the radiation has on tissue.
- Absorbed dose x Weighting Factor
What radiation can be used in smoke detectors?
Alpha
State three safety precautions when being exposed to radiation.
- wash hands after use
- limit time of exposure
- increase distance from you to the source
What is the equivalent dose rate and what equation is used for it ?
Equivalent dose rate - The rate at which the equivalent dose is received by the tissue.
- Δ€= H/t
What are the two types of nuclear reactions?
Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
What is Nuclear Fission?
What is the mass lost in the process turned into?
A nucleus of a large mass number is split into nuclei of smaller mass numbers with the release or energy and two/three neutrons.
- Heat Energy
What is meant by Nuclear Fusion?
-Nuclei of smaller mass numbers join/recombine ro form a nucleus of larger mass number with the release of energy.
What type of nuclear reaction is used in nuclear power stations and why?
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear Fusion is too hard to control and required temperatures close to that of the suns. Also the supply of electricity from Fission is reliable.
True or False ?
Nuclear Fusion produces toxic waste and green house gases.
-False.
- The reaction of the two that does is Nuclear Fission.
