Radiation

Question 1

What is an Alpha Particle?

Answer 1

Two protons and Two Neutrons

Question 2

What is a Beta Particle?

Answer 2

A Fast Moving electron from the nucleus

Question 3

What are Gamma Rays

Answer 3

High energy electromagnetic radiation

Question 4

What minimal material absorbs alpha particles

Answer 4

Paper

Question 5

What minimal material absorbs beta particles

Answer 5

Few mm of aluminium

Question 6

What minimal material absorbs gamma radiation

Answer 6

Few cm of lead

Question 7

What is the process of ionisation

Answer 7

The process of which atoms lose/gain electrons

Question 8

What type of radiation produces the most ionisation

Answer 8

Alpha

Question 9

Artificial background radiation

Answer 9

Nuclear testing,

Nuclear accidents,

Medical imaging,

Question 10

Natural background Radiation

Answer 10

Gases in air,

Rocks in earth’s crust,

Cosmic radiation,

Question 11

What is activity measured in?

Answer 11

Becquerels (Bq)

Question 12

N=
A=
t=

Answer 12

=Number of decayed nuclei
=Activity (Bq)
=time (seconds)

Question 13

What is tge definition of “half life”

Answer 13

The time taken for the activity of a radioactive source to fall to half of its previous value

Question 14

Symbol for absorbed dose

Answer 14

D

Question 15

Symbol for energy absorbed

Answer 15

E

Question 16

Unit for energy

Answer 16

J FOR Juels

Question 17

Unit for mass

Answer 17

Kg

Question 18

Equivalent dose symbol

Answer 18

H

Question 19

Equivalent dose is measured in

Answer 19

Sieverts (Sv)

Question 20

Wr stands for

Answer 20

Radiation Weighting Factor

Question 21

Time when calculating absorbed/ equivalent dose rate is…

Answer 21

Seconds

Question 22

Average annual background radiation in uk

Answer 22

2.2mSv

Question 23

Annual dose limit for member of public

Answer 23

1mSv

Question 24

Annual dose limit for a radiation worker

Answer 24

20mSv

Question 25

Applications of nuclear radiation

Answer 25

Medicine (kill cancerous cells)

Home (Smoke detectors)

Industry (controls pressure of the machinery)

Question 26

Fission is
And what occurs

Answer 26

The splitting of an atom to make heat, energy and a chain reaction

Question 27

What is used to make fission

Answer 27

A fast moving nuetron

Question 28

Advantages of nuclear fuels

Answer 28

No emissions,

Energy rich
(

Question 29

Disadvantages of nuclear fuels

Answer 29

Non renewable,

Large scale accident,

Question 30

Fusion is…

Answer 30

The combination process of two nuclei,
Process that stars use to generate light and heat.

Question 31

What is plasma containment

Answer 31

Since plasma is very hot it will melt anything that comes into contact with therefore,
Electromagnets must be used to maintain it in a fixed volume and space.

Question 32

Formula for absorbed dose

Answer 32

Energy over Mass

Question 33

Formula for energy

Answer 33

Absorbed dose multiplied by mass

Question 34

Formula for mass

Answer 34

Energy over absorbed dose

Question 35

Formula for equivalent dose

Answer 35

Absorbed dose by Radiation weighting factor
DxWr

Question 36

Why should you measure background radiation

Answer 36

To subtract from the final answer to get an accurate result

Question 37

Why should you change your experimental set up depending on the type of radiatiin used

Answer 37

Different types are effective at different ranges

Question 38

Application of fission in energy Application

Answer 38

In a nuclear reaction, the nuclear fuel undergoes a series of chain reactions which produce heat.
Nuclear Energy –>Heat Energy